I wonder if it's possible, at least on Windows. I remember in the past seeing "has stopped working" message in some applications and if VS is installed it even suggested I take a look in the debugger. But I'm not sure what enables or disables such behavior and whether it could show the problematic code line.
If it shows the problematic line in the message box, it would help to track down the crashes when user encounters any that are hard to replicate them from the dev side. Just let the user download the Debug build, reproduce the bug and make the screenshot of the message.