[DATA] Update to H2 liquefaction

[JulStraus]

Name of the respective parameter(s)

All parameters for X_Liquifier for H2

Reason for Update

The current implementation for liquefaction assumes the same liquefier for both all natural gas types (Gas_Natural, Gas_Bio, Gas_Synth) and hydrogen through different modes of operation. While the former is reasonable as the energy carriers are pretty much the same, the latter is not.

Hydrogen liquefaction requires significantly more electricity and capital expenditures. The difference in temperature 20 K vs. 110 k) has in this case a significant impact, resulting in the capital costs being 1 order of magnitude to low. I would suggest splitting hydrogen liquefaction from methane liquefaction.

In addition, liquefaction has a significant energy penalty which is currently not covered (only a loss is assumed). From the paper, we can calculate a penalty of 8.3 kWh/kg hydrogen corresponding to an input activity ratio of 0.25 for electricity. As shown in the presentation, future development can lead to values as low 6 kWh/kg. I do not know how the values for LNG are calculated from the source, but also LNG production requires significant amounts of electricity, albeit lower than LH2.

Note that the liquefier in the paper with a size of around 43.2 tpd is not the maximum single train size. This implies that economies of scale at larger production capacities can be achieved as outlined in the presentation. It is however still reasonable to use the paper for the parameters.

Important

The variable OPEX in the paper includes electricity demand. This should be excluded and translated into the corresponding value for Par_InputActivityRatio

Data Source

Paper with liquefaction
Presentation regarding efficiencies

Other comments

No response

[JulStraus]

Going through the data, the same problem holds for the gasifier. This is actually in the paper not properly modelled with respect to the costs, but they are also different due to different temperatures.