Completed CS2-Code-Challenge #1 #13

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frankfaustino wants to merge 48 commits into bloominstituteoftechnology:master from Lambda-School-Assignments:master

brainTeasers/waterJugs.md

-Original file line number
+Diff line change
@@ -1 +1,13 @@
     You have a five-quart jug, a three-quart jug, and an unlimited supply of water (but no measuring cups). How would you come up with exactly four quarts of water? Note that the jugs are oddly shaped, such that filling up exactly "half" of the jug would be impossible.
+qt jug     │   3 qt jug
+        ─────────────┼────────────
+│   3          fill up 3 quart jug
+│   0          transfer 3 quarts to the 5 quart jug
+│   3          fill up 3 quart jug again
+│   1          fill up the 5 quart jug from the 3 quart jug with 1 quart remaining in the 3 quart jug
+│   1          empty the 5 quart jug
+│   0          transfer 1 quart from the 3 quart jug to the 5 quart jug
+│   3          fill up the 3 quart jug
+│   0          transfer the 3 quart jug to the 5 quart jug to get the desired 4 quarts of water

callBackPractice/callBackPractice.js

            
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                      Diff line number
                      Diff line change
                  
    @@ -15,57 +15,74 @@
  
     *

    */

    // Write a function called firstItem that passes the first item of the given array to the callback function

    const foods = ['pineapple', 'mango', 'ribeye', 'curry', 'tacos', 'ribeye', 'mango'];

    firstItem(foods, (firstItem) => {

    const firstItem = (foods, cb) => cb(foods[0]);

    const foods = [

      'pineapple',

      'mango',

      'ribeye',

      'curry',

      'tacos',

      'ribeye',

      'mango'

    ];

    firstItem(foods, firstItem => {

      console.log(`The first item is ${firstItem}.`);

    });

    // Write a function called getLength that passes the length of the array into the callback

    const getLength = (length, cb) => cb(foods.length);

    getLength(foods, (length) => {

    getLength(foods, length => {

      console.log(`The length of the array is ${length}.`);

    });

    // Write a function called last which passes the last item of the array into the callback

    const last = (foods, cb) => cb(foods[foods.length - 1]);

    last(foods, (lastItem) => {

    last(foods, lastItem => {

      console.log(`The last item in the array is ${lastItem}.`);

    });

    // Write a function called sumNums that adds two numbers and passes the result to the callback

    const sumNums = (a, b, cb) => cb(a + b);

    sumNums(5, 10, (sum) => {

    sumNums(5, 10, sum => {

      console.log(`The sum is ${sum}.`);

    });

    // Write a function called multiplyNums that adds two numbers and passes the result to the callback

    const multiplyNums = (a, b, cb) => cb(a * b);

    multiplyNums(5, 10, (product) => {

    multiplyNums(5, 10, product => {

      console.log(`The product is ${product}.`);

    });

    // Write a function called contains that checks if an item is present inside of the given array.

    // Pass true to the callback if it is, otherwise pass false

    const contains = (foods, i, cb) => cb(foods.indexOf(i) > -1);

    contains(foods, 'ribeye', (result) => {

    contains(foods, 'ribeye', result => {

      console.log(result ? 'ribeye is in the array' : 'ribeye is not in the array');

    });

    // Write a function called removeDuplicates that removes all duplicate values from the given array.

    // Pass the array to the callback function.  Do not mutate the original array.

    const removeDuplicates = (foods, cb) => cb(Array.from(new Set(foods)));

    removeDuplicates(foods, (uniqueFoods) => {

    removeDuplicates(foods, uniqueFoods => {

      console.log(`foods with duplicates removed: ${uniqueFoods}`);

    });

    // Write a function called forEach that iterates over the provided array and passes the value and index into the callback.

    const forEach = (foods, cb) => {

      for (let i = 0; i < foods.length; i++) {

        cb(foods[i], i);

      }

    };

    forEach(foods, (value, index) => {

      console.log(`${value} is at index ${index}.`);

    });
      
    });

constructors/constructors.js

-Original file line number
+Diff line change
@@ Expand Up / @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ @@
      * Human -> Soldier, Peasant, Bandit
      *
      * NPC should be a general class for a non-player character in the game.
-     * This class will probably include general attributes like hp, strength, speed, etc.
+     * This class will probably include general attributes like hp, str, speed, etc.
      *
      * Humanoid, Animal, and Plant should all inherit from NPC.  The classes
      * shown to the right of the arrow are classes that will inherit
@@ Expand All / @@ -20,4 +20,129 @@ @@
      *
      * This is how you would structure the game objects in an actual game
      * application in Unity or another similar framework.
-     */
+     */
+    class NPC {
+      constructor(options) {
+        this.con = options.con;
+        this.str = options.str;
+        this.dex = options.dex;
+        this.int = options.int;
+        this.wis = options.wis;
+        this.cha = options.cha;
+      }
+    }
+    // Humanoid
+    // ↳ Human
+    //   ↳ Fighter → Thief → Wizard
+    // ↳ Elf
+    //   ↳ Ranger → Rogue → Druid
+    // ↳ Orc
+    //   ↳ Barbarian → Warlock → Shaman
+    class Humanoid extends NPC {
+      constructor(options) {
+        super(options);
+      }
+    }
+    class Human extends Humanoid {
+      constructor(options) {
+        super(options);
+        this.name = options.name;
+      }
+    }
+    class Fighter extends Human {
+      constructor(options) {
+        super(options);
+      }
+    }
+    class Thief extends Human {
+      constructor(options) {
+        super(options);
+      }
+    }
+    class Wizard extends Human {
+      constructor(options) {
+        super(options);
+        this.abilities = ['Magic Missile', 'Shock Pulse', 'Spectral Blade', 'Electrocute'];
+      }
+    }
+    class Elf extends NPC {
+      constructor(options) {
+        super(options);
+      }
+    }
+    class Ranger extends Elf {
+      constructor(options) {
+        super(options);
+      }
+    }
+    class Rogue extends Elf {
+      constructor(options) {
+        super(options);
+      }
+    }
+    class Druid extends Elf {
+      constructor(options) {
+        super(options);
+      }
+    }
+    class Orc extends NPC {
+      constructor(options) {
+        super(options);
+      }
+    }
+    class Barbarian extends Orc {
+      constructor(options) {
+        super(options);
+      }
+    }
+    class Warlock extends Orc {
+      constructor(options) {
+        super(options);
+      }
+    }
+    class Shaman extends Orc {
+      constructor(options) {
+        super(options);
+      }
+    }
+    // Animal
+    // ↳ Tiny
+    //   ↳ Rat → Lizard → Hawk
+    // ↳ Large
+    //   ↳ Brown Bear → Dire Wolf → Horse
+    // ↳ Huge
+    //   ↳ Giant Octopus → Nemean Lion → Roc
+    class Animal extends NPC {
+      constructor(options) {
+        super(options);
+        }
+      }
+    // Monster
+    // ↳ Dragon
+    //   ↳ Adult Dragon → Wyrm → Faerie Dragon
+    // ↳ Giant
+    //   ↳ Ogre → Ettin → Cyclops
+    // ↳ Undead
+    //   ↳ Lich → Zombie → Ghoul
+    class Monster extends NPC {
+      constructor(options) {
+        super(options);
+        }
+      }
+    var frank = new Wizard({ name: 'Frank', con: 4, str: 3, dex: 3, int: 10, wis: 10, cha: 8 });
+    console.log(frank);

evenOccurences/evenOccurences.js

-Original file line number
+Diff line change
@@ -1,15 +1,39 @@
-    /*
-     *  * Find the first item that occurs an even number of times in an array.
-     *   * Remember to handle multiple even-occurance items and return the first one.
-     *    * Return null if there are no even-occurance items.
-     *    */
-    /*
-     *  * example usage:
-     *   * const onlyEven = evenOccurance([1, 7, 2, 4, 5, 1, 6, 8, 9, 6, 4, 1]);
-     *    * console.log(onlyEven); //  4
-     *    */
+    /* Instructions
+     *    Find the first item that occurs an even number of times in an array.
+     *     Remember to handle multiple even-occurance items and return the first one.
+     *      Return null if there are no even-occurance items.
+     */
+    // Test Cases
+    const onlyEven = [1, 7, 2, 4, 5, 1, 6, 8, 9, 6, 4, 1]; //  4
+    // Solution #1
     const evenOccurence = (arr) => {
-      // Your code here.
-    };
+      let a = [...new Set(arr)],
+          b = 0;
+      for (i in a) {
+        b = 0;
+        for (j in arr) {
+          if (a[i] === arr[j]) {
+            b++;
+          }
+        }
+        if (b % 2 === 0) return a[i];
+      }
+    	return null;
+    }
+    // Solution #2
+    // const evenOccurence = arr => {
+    //   let a = {};
+    //   arr.forEach((i) => {
+    // 		if (a[i]) a[i] += 1;
+    // 		else a[i] = 1;
+    //   })
+    // 	for (let k in a) {
+    // 		if (a[k] % 2 === 0) return Number(k);
+    // 	}
+    // 	return null;
+    // };
+    console.log(evenOccurence(onlyEven));

forLoopTimeout/forLoopTimeout.js

-Original file line number
+Diff line change
@@ -1,13 +1,33 @@
+    // 1. Instructions
     // Explain what is wrong with this code and how you would fix this.
     // With ES6 there is a very, very simple way to solve this.
     // See if you can solve this with just ES5 JS.
     // The output should be 1, 2, 3, .... 10. Right now it just prints 11.
     // I've been asked this three times in separate interviews.
+    // 2a. Solution: ES6 fix. let instead of var encloses the scope of i to the for loop
+    // for (let i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
+    // 	setTimeout(() => console.log(i), 0);
+    // }
+    // 2b. Solution: Passing a new copy of i with each iteration to setTimeout function callback
+    // function x(i) {
+    // 	setTimeout(() => console.log(i), 0)
+    // }
+    // for (var i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
+    // 	x(i);
+    // }
+    // 2c. Solution: New scope for each iteration using IIFE, setTimeout function callback
+    // 		 provided a variable j that evaluates to i within the scope of for loop
+    // for (var i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
+    // 	(() => {
+    // 		var j = i;
+    // 		setTimeout(() => console.log(j), 0);
+    // 	})();
+    // }
+    // 2d. Solution: New scope for each iteration using IIFE (passing i as an argument)
     for (var i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
-    	setTimeout(function() {
-    		// From looking at the code you would assume it would print 1 - 10
-    		// It doesn't.  Why?  How can you make it print 1 - 10.
-    		console.log(i);
-    	}, 0);
+    	((i) => setTimeout(() => console.log(i), 0))(i);
     }

isUnique/isUnique.js

-Original file line number
+Diff line change
@@ -1,3 +1,41 @@
-    /* Implement an algorithm to determine if a string has all unique characters.
+    /* 0. Instructions
+     * Implement an algorithm to determine if a string has all unique characters.
      * What if you cannot use additional data structures?
-     */
+     */
+    // 1. Identify Test Cases
+    // const a = 'Bacon ipsum dolor amet spare ribs drumstick strip steak.'    // false
+    // const b = 'HeLLo WORLd!'    // false
+    // const c = 'bvAlh!(@^$%#)atQBq'  // true
+    /* 2. Pseudo-Code
+     * function with string param
+     *  initialize empty string
+     *  store unique characters in empty string
+     *      compare new string with original string
+     * return true if has unique characters, otherwise return false
+     */
+    // 3a. Solution using for loop / indexOf()
+    const isUnique = str => {
+    	let x = '';
+    	for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+    		if (x.indexOf(str[i]) === -1) {
+    			x += str[i];
+    		}
+    	}
+    	console.log(x === str); // return true if string contains unique characters
+    };
+    // 3b. Solution using an Array.from() / new Set() / .join()
+    const isUnique = str => {
+    	const x = Array.from(new Set(str)).join('');
+    	console.log(x === str); // return true if string contains unique characters
+    };
+    // 3c. Solution using spread operator / new Set() / .join()
+    const isUnique = str => {
+    	const x = [...new Set(str)].join('');
+    	console.log(x === str); // return true if string contains unique characters
+    };

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