diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/CertificateGenerateWindow.php b/app/Console/Commands/CertificateGenerateWindow.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3b248b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/CertificateGenerateWindow.php
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Console\Commands;
+
+use App\CertificateExcellence;
+use App\Excellence;
+use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+
+class CertificateGenerateWindow extends Command
+{
+    protected $signature = 'certificate:generate-window
+                            {--edition=2025 : Target edition year}
+                            {--type=excellence : excellence|super-organiser}
+                            {--limit=500 : Max recipients to process in this run}
+                            {--include-failed : Include rows with previous generation errors}';
+
+    protected $description = 'Generate certificates in controlled windows (e.g. 500 at a time)';
+
+    public function handle(): int
+    {
+        $edition = (int) $this->option('edition');
+        $limit = max(1, (int) $this->option('limit'));
+        $includeFailed = (bool) $this->option('include-failed');
+        $typeInput = strtolower(trim((string) $this->option('type')));
+        $type = match ($typeInput) {
+            'excellence' => 'Excellence',
+            'super-organiser', 'superorganiser' => 'SuperOrganiser',
+            default => null,
+        };
+
+        if ($type === null) {
+            $this->error("Invalid --type value: {$typeInput}. Use 'excellence' or 'super-organiser'.");
+            return self::FAILURE;
+        }
+
+        $query = Excellence::query()
+            ->where('edition', $edition)
+            ->where('type', $type)
+            ->where(function ($q) use ($includeFailed) {
+                $q->whereNull('certificate_url');
+                if (! $includeFailed) {
+                    $q->whereNull('certificate_generation_error');
+                }
+            })
+            ->with('user')
+            ->orderBy('id')
+            ->limit($limit);
+
+        $rows = $query->get();
+        if ($rows->isEmpty()) {
+            $this->info('No pending recipients found for this window.');
+            return self::SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        $this->info("Generating {$rows->count()} {$type} certificates for edition {$edition}...");
+        $bar = $this->output->createProgressBar($rows->count());
+        $bar->start();
+
+        $ok = 0;
+        $failed = 0;
+
+        foreach ($rows as $excellence) {
+            $bar->advance();
+            $user = $excellence->user;
+            if (! $user) {
+                $failed++;
+                $excellence->update(['certificate_generation_error' => 'User missing.']);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $name = $excellence->name_for_certificate ?? trim(($user->firstname ?? '') . ' ' . ($user->lastname ?? ''));
+            $name = $name !== '' ? $name : 'Unknown';
+            $certType = $type === 'SuperOrganiser' ? 'super-organiser' : 'excellence';
+            $numberOfActivities = $type === 'SuperOrganiser' ? (int) $user->activities($edition) : 0;
+
+            try {
+                $cert = new CertificateExcellence(
+                    $edition,
+                    $name,
+                    $certType,
+                    $numberOfActivities,
+                    (int) $user->id,
+                    (string) ($user->email ?? '')
+                );
+                $url = $cert->generate();
+                $excellence->update([
+                    'certificate_url' => $url,
+                    'certificate_generation_error' => null,
+                ]);
+                $ok++;
+            } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+                $failed++;
+                $excellence->update([
+                    'certificate_generation_error' => $e->getMessage(),
+                ]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $bar->finish();
+        $this->newLine(2);
+        $this->info("Window complete. Success: {$ok}, Failed: {$failed}.");
+        $this->line('Run the same command again to process the next window.');
+
+        return self::SUCCESS;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/CertificateSendWindow.php b/app/Console/Commands/CertificateSendWindow.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67d240f48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/CertificateSendWindow.php
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Console\Commands;
+
+use App\Excellence;
+use App\Mail\NotifySuperOrganiser;
+use App\Mail\NotifyWinner;
+use Carbon\Carbon;
+use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail;
+
+class CertificateSendWindow extends Command
+{
+    protected $signature = 'certificate:send-window
+                            {--edition=2025 : Target edition year}
+                            {--type=excellence : excellence|super-organiser}
+                            {--limit=500 : Max recipients to send in this run}
+                            {--include-send-failed : Include rows that previously failed sending}';
+
+    protected $description = 'Send certificate emails in controlled windows (e.g. 500 at a time)';
+
+    public function handle(): int
+    {
+        $edition = (int) $this->option('edition');
+        $limit = max(1, (int) $this->option('limit'));
+        $includeSendFailed = (bool) $this->option('include-send-failed');
+        $typeInput = strtolower(trim((string) $this->option('type')));
+        $type = match ($typeInput) {
+            'excellence' => 'Excellence',
+            'super-organiser', 'superorganiser' => 'SuperOrganiser',
+            default => null,
+        };
+
+        if ($type === null) {
+            $this->error("Invalid --type value: {$typeInput}. Use 'excellence' or 'super-organiser'.");
+            return self::FAILURE;
+        }
+
+        $query = Excellence::query()
+            ->where('edition', $edition)
+            ->where('type', $type)
+            ->where(function ($q) use ($includeSendFailed) {
+                $q->whereNull('notified_at');
+                if ($includeSendFailed) {
+                    $q->orWhereNotNull('certificate_sent_error');
+                }
+            })
+            ->with('user')
+            ->orderBy('id')
+            ->limit($limit);
+
+        $rows = $query->get();
+        if ($rows->isEmpty()) {
+            $this->info('No recipients found for this send window.');
+            return self::SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        $this->info("Queueing {$rows->count()} {$type} emails for edition {$edition}...");
+        $bar = $this->output->createProgressBar($rows->count());
+        $bar->start();
+
+        $queued = 0;
+        $failed = 0;
+
+        foreach ($rows as $excellence) {
+            $bar->advance();
+            $user = $excellence->user;
+            if (! $user || ! $user->email) {
+                $failed++;
+                $excellence->update(['certificate_sent_error' => 'No user or email']);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            try {
+                if ($type === 'SuperOrganiser') {
+                    Mail::to($user->email)->queue(new NotifySuperOrganiser($user, $edition, $excellence->certificate_url));
+                } else {
+                    Mail::to($user->email)->queue(new NotifyWinner($user, $edition, $excellence->certificate_url));
+                }
+                $excellence->update([
+                    'notified_at' => Carbon::now(),
+                    'certificate_sent_error' => null,
+                ]);
+                $queued++;
+            } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+                $failed++;
+                $excellence->update(['certificate_sent_error' => $e->getMessage()]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $bar->finish();
+        $this->newLine(2);
+        $this->info("Send window complete. Queued: {$queued}, Failed: {$failed}.");
+        $this->line('Run again to process the next send window.');
+
+        return self::SUCCESS;
+    }
+}