diff --git a/syntax/02-datatypes.md b/syntax/02-datatypes.md
index ed7df95..3a4984c 100644
--- a/syntax/02-datatypes.md
+++ b/syntax/02-datatypes.md
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ list.push_back(2)
 list.push_back(3)
 
 # 访问元素
-var first = list.front()
-var last = list.back()
+var first = list.front
+var last = list.back
 
 # 删除元素
 list.pop_back()
diff --git a/syntax/04-control-flow.md b/syntax/04-control-flow.md
index b81a83b..1d8a245 100644
--- a/syntax/04-control-flow.md
+++ b/syntax/04-control-flow.md
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ end
 
 ```covscript
 function findMax(arr)
-    if arr.empty()
+    if arr.empty
         return null
     end
     
diff --git a/syntax/08-memory.md b/syntax/08-memory.md
index 0294423..8807bf0 100644
--- a/syntax/08-memory.md
+++ b/syntax/08-memory.md
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ class ObjectPool
     
     function acquire()
         if this.available.size > 0
-            var obj = this.available.back()
+            var obj = this.available.back
             this.available.pop_back()
             this.inUse.push_back(obj)
             return obj
diff --git a/syntax/09-exceptions.md b/syntax/09-exceptions.md
index 2d52083..a11cbe5 100644
--- a/syntax/09-exceptions.md
+++ b/syntax/09-exceptions.md
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ class HttpClient
     function get(url)
         try
             # 验证 URL
-            if url == null || url.empty()
+            if url == null || url.empty
                 throw new InvalidArgumentException("url", "URL cannot be empty")
             end
             
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ end
 ```covscript
 class Validator
     function validateEmail(email)
-        if email == null || email.empty()
+        if email == null || email.empty
             throw new InvalidArgumentException("email", "cannot be empty")
         end
         
diff --git a/syntax/10-iterators.md b/syntax/10-iterators.md
index 4858920..585aeb5 100644
--- a/syntax/10-iterators.md
+++ b/syntax/10-iterators.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 ### begin 和 end
 
-使用 `.begin()` 和 `.end()` 获取容器的起始和结束迭代器。
+使用 `.begin` 和 `.end` 获取容器的起始和结束迭代器。
 
 ```covscript
 # 列表迭代器
@@ -15,16 +15,16 @@ list.push_back(1)
 list.push_back(2)
 list.push_back(3)
 
-var it = list.begin()
-var itEnd = list.end()
+var it = list.begin
+var itEnd = list.end
 
 # 遍历列表
 loop
     if it == itEnd
         break
     end
-    system.out.println(it.data())
-    it = it.next()
+    system.out.println(it.data)
+    it.next()
 end
 ```
 
@@ -33,21 +33,21 @@ end
 ```covscript
 var arr = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}
 
-var it = arr.begin()
-var itEnd = arr.end()
+var it = arr.begin
+var itEnd = arr.end
 
 loop
     if it == itEnd
         break
     end
-    system.out.println("Element: " + to_string(it.data()))
-    it = it.next()
+    system.out.println("Element: " + to_string(it.data))
+    it.next()
 end
 ```
 
 ## 2.10.2 迭代器操作
 
-### data() - 获取当前元素
+### data - 获取当前元素
 
 ```covscript
 var list = new list
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ list.push_back("Alice")
 list.push_back("Bob")
 list.push_back("Charlie")
 
-var it = list.begin()
-var name = it.data()  # 获取当前元素
+var it = list.begin
+var name = it.data  # 获取当前元素
 system.out.println(name)  # Alice
 ```
 
@@ -64,18 +64,18 @@ system.out.println(name)  # Alice
 
 ```covscript
 var numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
-var it = numbers.begin()
+var it = numbers.begin
 
 # 获取第一个元素
-system.out.println(it.data())  # 1
+system.out.println(it.data)  # 1
 
 # 移动到下一个
-it = it.next()
-system.out.println(it.data())  # 2
+it.next()
+system.out.println(it.data)  # 2
 
 # 再移动
-it = it.next()
-system.out.println(it.data())  # 3
+it.next()
+system.out.println(it.data)  # 3
 ```
 
 ### 比较迭代器
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ var list = new list
 list.push_back(10)
 list.push_back(20)
 
-var it1 = list.begin()
-var it2 = list.begin()
-var itEnd = list.end()
+var it1 = list.begin
+var it2 = list.begin
+var itEnd = list.end
 
 # 比较迭代器
 if it1 == it2
@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ end
 
 ```covscript
 function printList(list)
-    var it = list.begin()
-    var itEnd = list.end()
+    var it = list.begin
+    var itEnd = list.end
     
     system.out.print("[")
     var first = true
@@ -121,8 +121,8 @@ function printList(list)
         end
         first = false
         
-        system.out.print(to_string(it.data()))
-        it = it.next()
+        system.out.print(to_string(it.data))
+        it.next()
     end
     
     system.out.println("]")
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ printList(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]
 
 ```covscript
 function findElement(list, target)
-    var it = list.begin()
-    var itEnd = list.end()
+    var it = list.begin
+    var itEnd = list.end
     var index = 0
     
     loop
@@ -149,11 +149,11 @@ function findElement(list, target)
             return -1  # 未找到
         end
         
-        if it.data() == target
+        if it.data == target
             return index  # 返回索引
         end
         
-        it = it.next()
+        it.next()
         index += 1
     end
 end
@@ -177,8 +177,8 @@ list.push_back(2)
 list.push_back(3)
 
 # 遍历并修改
-var it = list.begin()
-var itEnd = list.end()
+var it = list.begin
+var itEnd = list.end
 
 loop
     if it == itEnd
@@ -186,10 +186,10 @@ loop
     end
     
     # 修改元素（需要通过其他方式）
-    var value = it.data()
+    var value = it.data
     # 对于某些容器，可能需要重新赋值
     
-    it = it.next()
+    it.next()
 end
 ```
 
@@ -204,18 +204,18 @@ map.insert("age", 25)
 map.insert("city", "Shanghai")
 
 # 遍历哈希映射
-var it = map.begin()
-var itEnd = map.end()
+var it = map.begin
+var itEnd = map.end
 
 loop
     if it == itEnd
         break
     end
     
-    var pair = it.data()
+    var pair = it.data
     system.out.println(pair.first + " = " + to_string(pair.second))
     
-    it = it.next()
+    it.next()
 end
 ```
 
@@ -229,16 +229,16 @@ set.insert(30)
 set.insert(20)  # 重复元素不会添加
 
 # 遍历集合
-var it = set.begin()
-var itEnd = set.end()
+var it = set.begin
+var itEnd = set.end
 
 loop
     if it == itEnd
         break
     end
     
-    system.out.println("Element: " + to_string(it.data()))
-    it = it.next()
+    system.out.println("Element: " + to_string(it.data))
+    it.next()
 end
 ```
 
@@ -258,15 +258,15 @@ foreach item in list
 end
 
 # 等价的迭代器写法
-var it = list.begin()
-var itEnd = list.end()
+var it = list.begin
+var itEnd = list.end
 loop
     if it == itEnd
         break
     end
-    var item = it.data()
+    var item = it.data
     system.out.println(item)
-    it = it.next()
+    it.next()
 end
 ```
 
@@ -276,8 +276,8 @@ end
 
 ```covscript
 function count(container)
-    var it = container.begin()
-    var itEnd = container.end()
+    var it = container.begin
+    var itEnd = container.end
     var cnt = 0
     
     loop
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ function count(container)
             break
         end
         cnt += 1
-        it = it.next()
+        it.next()
     end
     
     return cnt
@@ -303,16 +303,16 @@ system.out.println("Count: " + to_string(count(list)))
 
 ```covscript
 function sum(container)
-    var it = container.begin()
-    var itEnd = container.end()
+    var it = container.begin
+    var itEnd = container.end
     var total = 0
     
     loop
         if it == itEnd
             break
         end
-        total += it.data()
-        it = it.next()
+        total += it.data
+        it.next()
     end
     
     return total
@@ -327,20 +327,20 @@ system.out.println("Sum: " + to_string(sum(numbers)))  # 15
 ```covscript
 function filter(container, predicate)
     var result = new list
-    var it = container.begin()
-    var itEnd = container.end()
+    var it = container.begin
+    var itEnd = container.end
     
     loop
         if it == itEnd
             break
         end
         
-        var item = it.data()
+        var item = it.data
         if predicate(item)
             result.push_back(item)
         end
         
-        it = it.next()
+        it.next()
     end
     
     return result
@@ -359,18 +359,18 @@ end
 ```covscript
 function map(container, mapper)
     var result = new list
-    var it = container.begin()
-    var itEnd = container.end()
+    var it = container.begin
+    var itEnd = container.end
     
     loop
         if it == itEnd
             break
         end
         
-        var item = it.data()
+        var item = it.data
         result.push_back(mapper(item))
         
-        it = it.next()
+        it.next()
     end
     
     return result
@@ -388,8 +388,8 @@ end
 
 ```covscript
 function reduce(container, initial, reducer)
-    var it = container.begin()
-    var itEnd = container.end()
+    var it = container.begin
+    var itEnd = container.end
     var accumulator = initial
     
     loop
@@ -397,8 +397,8 @@ function reduce(container, initial, reducer)
             break
         end
         
-        accumulator = reducer(accumulator, it.data())
-        it = it.next()
+        accumulator = reducer(accumulator, it.data)
+        it.next()
     end
     
     return accumulator
@@ -415,64 +415,43 @@ var product = reduce(numbers, 1, [](acc, x) -> acc * x)
 system.out.println("Product: " + to_string(product))  # 120
 ```
 
-## 2.10.7 自定义迭代器
+## 2.10.7 迭代器与标准容器
 
-为自定义容器实现迭代器。
+CovScript 的标准容器（list, array, hash_map, hash_set 等）都内置了迭代器支持。
 
 ```covscript
-class Range
-    var start = 0
-    var end = 0
-    var step = 1
+# 所有标准容器都支持迭代器
+var containers = new list
+
+# 列表
+var myList = new list
+myList.push_back(1)
+myList.push_back(2)
+containers.push_back(myList)
+
+# 数组
+var myArray = {10, 20, 30}
+containers.push_back(myArray)
+
+# 哈希映射
+var myMap = new hash_map
+myMap.insert("key", "value")
+containers.push_back(myMap)
+
+# 遍历所有容器
+foreach container in containers
+    system.out.println("Container elements:")
+    var it = container.begin
+    var itEnd = container.end
     
-    function construct(s, e, st)
-        this.start = s
-        this.end = e
-        this.step = st
-    end
-    
-    class Iterator
-        var current = 0
-        var end = 0
-        var step = 1
-        
-        function construct(cur, e, st)
-            this.current = cur
-            this.end = e
-            this.step = st
-        end
-        
-        function data()
-            return this.current
+    loop
+        if it == itEnd
+            break
         end
         
-        function next()
-            var newIter = new Iterator(this.current + this.step, this.end, this.step)
-            return newIter
-        end
-    end
-    
-    function begin()
-        return new Iterator(this.start, this.end, this.step)
-    end
-    
-    function end()
-        return new Iterator(this.end, this.end, this.step)
-    end
-end
-
-# 使用自定义迭代器
-var range = new Range(0, 10, 2)
-var it = range.begin()
-var itEnd = range.end()
-
-loop
-    if it.data() >= itEnd.data()
-        break
+        system.out.println("  " + to_string(it.data))
+        it.next()
     end
-    
-    system.out.println(it.data())
-    it = it.next()
 end
 ```
 
@@ -484,8 +463,8 @@ end
 # 低效：每次都复制迭代器
 function inefficientSum(list)
     var total = 0
-    for it=list.begin(),it != list.end(),it = it.next()
-        total += it.data()
+    for it=list.begin,it != list.end,it.next()
+        total += it.data
     end
     return total
 end
@@ -509,22 +488,22 @@ list.push_back(1)
 list.push_back(2)
 list.push_back(3)
 
-var it = list.begin()
-var itEnd = list.end()  # 缓存
+var it = list.begin
+var itEnd = list.end  # 缓存
 
 loop
     if it == itEnd
         break
     end
-    system.out.println(it.data())
-    it = it.next()
+    system.out.println(it.data)
+    it.next()
 end
 ```
 
 ## 迭代器最佳实践
 
 1. **优先使用 foreach**：更简洁和易读
-2. **缓存 end 迭代器**：避免重复调用 `.end()`
+2. **缓存 end 迭代器**：避免重复访问 `.end`
 3. **注意迭代器失效**：修改容器可能导致迭代器失效
 4. **使用合适的容器**：根据访问模式选择容器类型
 5. **避免不必要的复制**：迭代器操作可能涉及复制
@@ -548,13 +527,13 @@ for i=0,i < list.size,++i
 end
 
 # 需要精确控制：使用迭代器
-var it = list.begin()
-var itEnd = list.end()
+var it = list.begin
+var itEnd = list.end
 loop
     if it == itEnd
         break
     end
     # 精确控制迭代过程
-    it = it.next()
+    it.next()
 end
 ```
diff --git a/syntax/11-stdlib.md b/syntax/11-stdlib.md
index 657c408..2a4631f 100644
--- a/syntax/11-stdlib.md
+++ b/syntax/11-stdlib.md
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ system.out.println("Enter text (empty line to finish):")
 var lines = new list
 loop
     var line = system.in.getline()
-    if line.empty()
+    if line.empty
         break
     end
     lines.push_back(line)
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ function readConfig(filename)
             
             # 跳过空行和注释
             var trimmed = trim(line)
-            if trimmed.empty() || trimmed[0] == '#'
+            if trimmed.empty || trimmed[0] == '#'
                 continue
             end
             
diff --git a/syntax/12-advanced.md b/syntax/12-advanced.md
index 31c726e..90276f8 100644
--- a/syntax/12-advanced.md
+++ b/syntax/12-advanced.md
@@ -632,11 +632,11 @@ class QueryBuilder
         
         sql += " FROM " + this.table
         
-        if !this.whereClause.empty()
+        if !this.whereClause.empty
             sql += " WHERE " + this.whereClause
         end
         
-        if !this.orderBy.empty()
+        if !this.orderBy.empty
             sql += " ORDER BY " + this.orderBy
         end