From 290dc08ed0640773ad136f6fe8b72c8af580366c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Jo=C3=A3o=20Pedro=20Alves?= <joaopealves.dev@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2025 22:00:48 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 1/7] chore: init otel configs

---
 backend/docker-compose.yml                    |  11 ++
 .../domain/entities/usecases/create_url.go    |  15 +++
 backend/domain/entities/usecases/usecase.go   |   3 +-
 backend/extensions/opentelemetry/config.go    |   1 +
 backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go     | 120 ++++++++++++++++++
 backend/go.mod                                |  16 +++
 backend/go.sum                                |  25 ++++
 backend/main.go                               |  18 ++-
 8 files changed, 205 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 backend/extensions/opentelemetry/config.go
 create mode 100644 backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go

diff --git a/backend/docker-compose.yml b/backend/docker-compose.yml
index fef8127..1ed4583 100644
--- a/backend/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/backend/docker-compose.yml
@@ -18,3 +18,14 @@ services:
       - CASSANDRA_AUTHORIZER=CassandraAuthorizer
       - CASSANDRA_USER=cassandra
       - CASSANDRA_PASSWORD=cassandra
+
+  grafana:
+    image: grafana/otel-lgtm:latest
+    container_name: lnk-grafana
+    ports:
+      - "8081:3000"
+    environment:
+      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin
+    depends_on:
+      - cassandra
+      - redis
diff --git a/backend/domain/entities/usecases/create_url.go b/backend/domain/entities/usecases/create_url.go
index 61a3009..ff0033a 100644
--- a/backend/domain/entities/usecases/create_url.go
+++ b/backend/domain/entities/usecases/create_url.go
@@ -6,9 +6,24 @@ import (
 
 	"lnk/domain/entities"
 	"lnk/domain/entities/helpers"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/codes"
 )
 
 func (uc *UseCase) CreateShortURL(ctx context.Context, longURL string) (string, error) {
+	tracer := otel.Tracer("usecases.CreateShortURL")
+	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "CreateShortURL")
+	var err error
+
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			span.RecordError(err)
+			span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
+		}
+	}()
+	defer span.End()
+
 	id, err := uc.redis.Incr(ctx, uc.counterKey)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to increment counter: %w", err)
diff --git a/backend/domain/entities/usecases/usecase.go b/backend/domain/entities/usecases/usecase.go
index 67ee560..f16710c 100644
--- a/backend/domain/entities/usecases/usecase.go
+++ b/backend/domain/entities/usecases/usecase.go
@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@ package usecases
 import (
 	"errors"
 
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"lnk/extensions/redis"
 	"lnk/gateways/gocql/repositories"
+
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )
 
 var ErrURLNotFound = errors.New("URL not found")
diff --git a/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/config.go b/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/config.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5178e60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/config.go
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+package opentelemetry
diff --git a/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go b/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d60545b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+package opentelemetry
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"time"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log/global"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/propagation"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
+)
+
+func SetupOTelSDK(ctx context.Context) (func(context.Context) error, error) {
+	var shutdownFuncs []func(context.Context) error
+	var err error
+
+	// shutdown calls cleanup functions registered via shutdownFuncs.
+	// The errors from the calls are joined.
+	// Each registered cleanup will be invoked once.
+	shutdown := func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		var err error
+		for _, fn := range shutdownFuncs {
+			err = errors.Join(err, fn(ctx))
+		}
+		shutdownFuncs = nil
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// handleErr calls shutdown for cleanup and makes sure that all errors are returned.
+	handleErr := func(inErr error) {
+		err = errors.Join(inErr, shutdown(ctx))
+	}
+
+	// Set up propagator.
+	prop := newPropagator()
+	otel.SetTextMapPropagator(prop)
+
+	// Set up trace provider.
+	tracerProvider, err := newTracerProvider()
+	if err != nil {
+		handleErr(err)
+		return shutdown, err
+	}
+	shutdownFuncs = append(shutdownFuncs, tracerProvider.Shutdown)
+	otel.SetTracerProvider(tracerProvider)
+
+	// Set up meter provider.
+	meterProvider, err := newMeterProvider()
+	if err != nil {
+		handleErr(err)
+		return shutdown, err
+	}
+	shutdownFuncs = append(shutdownFuncs, meterProvider.Shutdown)
+	otel.SetMeterProvider(meterProvider)
+
+	// Set up logger provider.
+	loggerProvider, err := newLoggerProvider()
+	if err != nil {
+		handleErr(err)
+		return shutdown, err
+	}
+	shutdownFuncs = append(shutdownFuncs, loggerProvider.Shutdown)
+	global.SetLoggerProvider(loggerProvider)
+
+	return shutdown, err
+}
+
+func newPropagator() propagation.TextMapPropagator {
+	return propagation.NewCompositeTextMapPropagator(
+		propagation.TraceContext{},
+		propagation.Baggage{},
+	)
+}
+
+func newTracerProvider() (*trace.TracerProvider, error) {
+	traceExporter, err := stdouttrace.New(
+		stdouttrace.WithPrettyPrint())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	tracerProvider := trace.NewTracerProvider(
+		trace.WithBatcher(traceExporter,
+			// Default is 5s. Set to 1s for demonstrative purposes.
+			trace.WithBatchTimeout(time.Second)),
+	)
+	return tracerProvider, nil
+}
+
+func newMeterProvider() (*metric.MeterProvider, error) {
+	metricExporter, err := stdoutmetric.New()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	meterProvider := metric.NewMeterProvider(
+		metric.WithReader(metric.NewPeriodicReader(metricExporter,
+			// Default is 1m. Set to 3s for demonstrative purposes.
+			metric.WithInterval(3*time.Second))),
+	)
+	return meterProvider, nil
+}
+
+func newLoggerProvider() (*log.LoggerProvider, error) {
+	logExporter, err := stdoutlog.New()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	loggerProvider := log.NewLoggerProvider(
+		log.WithProcessor(log.NewBatchProcessor(logExporter)),
+	)
+	return loggerProvider, nil
+}
diff --git a/backend/go.mod b/backend/go.mod
index dde35b9..f46e9f4 100644
--- a/backend/go.mod
+++ b/backend/go.mod
@@ -41,8 +41,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/docker/docker v28.5.1+incompatible // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.8 // indirect
 	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.19.5 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.19.6 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/spec v0.20.4 // indirect
@@ -85,6 +88,19 @@ require (
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb // indirect
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415 // indirect
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog v0.13.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.63.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.14.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.14.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.14.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/mock v0.5.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.10.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/arch v0.20.0 // indirect
diff --git a/backend/go.sum b/backend/go.sum
index abd621c..579325a 100644
--- a/backend/go.sum
+++ b/backend/go.sum
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.1.0 h1:n0w2GMuUpWDVp7qSpvze6fAu9iRxJY4Hmj6AmBOU05w
 github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.1.0/go.mod h1:hxRZ5gVpWMT7Z0B0gSNYqqsSCNIJMjzvm6fqCz9vjwM=
 github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.11.0 h1:OW/6PLjyusp2PPXtyxKHU0RbX6I/l28FTdDlae5ueWk=
 github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.11.0/go.mod h1:+iq/FyxlGzII0KHiBGjuNn4UNENUlKbGlNmc+W50Dls=
+github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:jdQByPbusPIv2/zmleS9BjJVeZ6kBagPoEUsqbVz/1A=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 h1:CjnDlHq8ikf6E492q6eKboGOC0T8CDaOvkHCIg8idEI=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
 github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 h1:hSWxHoqTgW2S2qGc0LTAI563KZ5YKYRhT3MFKZMbjag=
@@ -226,14 +227,38 @@ github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0/go.mod h1:anYRn/JVcOK2ZgGU+IjEV4nwlhoK5sQ
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.4.13/go.mod h1:6yULJ656Px+3vBD8DxQVa3kxgyrAnzto9xy5taEt/CY=
 go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 h1:cH53jehLUN6UFLY71z+NDOiNJqDdPRaXzTel0sJySYA=
 go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0/go.mod h1:3wSPjt5PWp2RhlCcmmOial7AvC4DQqZb7a7wCow3W8A=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog v0.13.0 h1:bwnLpizECbPr1RrQ27waeY2SPIPeccCx/xLuoYADZ9s=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog v0.13.0/go.mod h1:3nWlOiiqA9UtUnrcNk82mYasNxD8ehOspL0gOfEo6Y4=
 go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.54.0 h1:TT4fX+nBOA/+LUkobKGW1ydGcn+G3vRw9+g5HwCphpk=
 go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.54.0/go.mod h1:L7UH0GbB0p47T4Rri3uHjbpCFYrVrwc1I25QhNPiGK8=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.63.0 h1:RbKq8BG0FI8OiXhBfcRtqqHcZcka+gU3cskNuf05R18=
+go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.63.0/go.mod h1:h06DGIukJOevXaj/xrNjhi/2098RZzcLTbc0jDAUbsg=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.37.0 h1:9zhNfelUvx0KBfu/gb+ZgeAfAgtWrfHJZcAqFC228wQ=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.37.0/go.mod h1:ehE/umFRLnuLa/vSccNq9oS1ErUlkkK71gMcN34UG8I=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0 h1:RkfdswUDRimDg0m2Az18RKOsnI8UDzppJAtj01/Ymk8=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0/go.mod h1:zcmtmQ1+YmQM9wrNsTGV/q/uyusom3P8RxwExxkZhjM=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.14.0 h1:B/g+qde6Mkzxbry5ZZag0l7QrQBCtVm7lVjaLgmpje8=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.14.0/go.mod h1:mOJK8eMmgW6ocDJn6Bn11CcZ05gi3P8GylBXEkZtbgA=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.38.0 h1:wm/Q0GAAykXv83wzcKzGGqAnnfLFyFe7RslekZuv+VI=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.38.0/go.mod h1:ra3Pa40+oKjvYh+ZD3EdxFZZB0xdMfuileHAm4nNN7w=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.38.0 h1:kJxSDN4SgWWTjG/hPp3O7LCGLcHXFlvS2/FFOrwL+SE=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.38.0/go.mod h1:mgIOzS7iZeKJdeB8/NYHrJ48fdGc71Llo5bJ1J4DWUE=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.14.0 h1:2rzJ+pOAZ8qmZ3DDHg73NEKzSZkhkGIua9gXtxNGgrM=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.14.0/go.mod h1:5jRG92fEAgx0SU/vFPxmJvhIuDU9E1SUnEQrMlJpOno=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.37.0 h1:mvwbQS5m0tbmqML4NqK+e3aDiO02vsf/WgbsdpcPoZE=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.37.0/go.mod h1:04wGrZurHYKOc+RKeye86GwKiTb9FKm1WHtO+4EVr2E=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0 h1:Kl6lzIYGAh5M159u9NgiRkmoMKjvbsKtYRwgfrA6WpA=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0/go.mod h1:kB5n/QoRM8YwmUahxvI3bO34eVtQf2i4utNVLr9gEmI=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.38.0 h1:l48sr5YbNf2hpCUj/FoGhW9yDkl+Ma+LrVl8qaM5b+E=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.38.0/go.mod h1:ghmNdGlVemJI3+ZB5iDEuk4bWA3GkTpW+DOoZMYBVVg=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.14.0 h1:JU/U3O7N6fsAXj0+CXz21Czg532dW2V4gG1HE/e8Zrg=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.14.0/go.mod h1:imQvII+0ZylXfKU7/wtOND8Hn4OpT3YUoIgqJVksUkM=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.38.0 h1:aSH66iL0aZqo//xXzQLYozmWrXxyFkBJ6qT5wthqPoM=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.38.0/go.mod h1:dg9PBnW9XdQ1Hd6ZnRz689CbtrUp0wMMs9iPcgT9EZA=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.37.0 h1:HLdcFNbRQBE2imdSEgm/kwqmQj1Or1l/7bW6mxVK7z4=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.37.0/go.mod h1:TlgrlQ+PtQO5XFerSPUYG0JSgGyryXewPGyayAWSBS0=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0 h1:Fxk5bKrDZJUH+AMyyIXGcFAPah0oRcT+LuNtJrmcNLE=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0/go.mod h1:j1P9ivuFsTceSWe1oY+EeW3sc+Pp42sO++GHkg4wwhs=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0/go.mod h1:CoHD4mav9JJNrW/WLlf7HGZPjdw8EucARQHekz1X6bE=
 go.uber.org/mock v0.5.0 h1:KAMbZvZPyBPWgD14IrIQ38QCyjwpvVVV6K/bHl1IwQU=
diff --git a/backend/main.go b/backend/main.go
index 2e31b83..5f750f9 100644
--- a/backend/main.go
+++ b/backend/main.go
@@ -8,17 +8,19 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
-	gocql "github.com/apache/cassandra-gocql-driver/v2"
-	redis "github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"lnk/domain/entities/usecases"
 	"lnk/extensions/config"
 	"lnk/extensions/logger"
+	"lnk/extensions/opentelemetry"
 	redisPackage "lnk/extensions/redis"
 	gocqlPackage "lnk/gateways/gocql"
 	"lnk/gateways/gocql/repositories"
 	httpServer "lnk/gateways/http"
 	"lnk/gateways/http/handlers"
+
+	gocql "github.com/apache/cassandra-gocql-driver/v2"
+	redis "github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )
 
 func main() {
@@ -27,6 +29,12 @@ func main() {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
 
+	shutdownOTel, err := setupOTelSDK(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		appLogger.Fatal("Failed to setup OpenTelemetry", zap.Error(err))
+	}
+	defer shutdownOTel(ctx)
+
 	session := setupDatabase(cfg, appLogger)
 	defer session.Close()
 
@@ -47,6 +55,10 @@ func main() {
 	shutdownServer(ctx, appLogger, server)
 }
 
+func setupOTelSDK(ctx context.Context) (func(context.Context) error, error) {
+	return opentelemetry.SetupOTelSDK(ctx)
+}
+
 func setupConfigAndLogger() (*config.Config, *zap.Logger) {
 	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig()
 	if err != nil {

From 1a9df8feea019f8a1ad884d238174073fd1c7d91 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Jo=C3=A3o=20Pedro=20Alves?= <joaopealves.dev@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2025 22:36:02 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 2/7] feat: integrate OpenTelemetry configuration and setup

---
 backend/.env.example                       |   6 +-
 backend/docker-compose.yml                 |   1 +
 backend/extensions/config/config.go        |   7 +-
 backend/extensions/opentelemetry/config.go |   5 +
 backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go  | 125 ++++++---------------
 backend/go.mod                             |  28 +++--
 backend/go.sum                             |  35 +++---
 backend/main.go                            |   6 +-
 8 files changed, 90 insertions(+), 123 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backend/.env.example b/backend/.env.example
index 58d1ccb..4219f17 100644
--- a/backend/.env.example
+++ b/backend/.env.example
@@ -23,4 +23,8 @@ COUNTER_START_VAL=14000000
 
 # Log
 
-LOG_LEVEL=debug
\ No newline at end of file
+LOG_LEVEL=debug
+
+# Otel
+
+SERVICE_NAME=lnk-backend
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/backend/docker-compose.yml b/backend/docker-compose.yml
index 1ed4583..e456c37 100644
--- a/backend/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/backend/docker-compose.yml
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ services:
     container_name: lnk-grafana
     ports:
       - "8081:3000"
+      - "4317:4317"
     environment:
       - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin
     depends_on:
diff --git a/backend/extensions/config/config.go b/backend/extensions/config/config.go
index 5960023..2a73f5b 100644
--- a/backend/extensions/config/config.go
+++ b/backend/extensions/config/config.go
@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@ package config
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
-	"github.com/joho/godotenv"
-	"github.com/kelseyhightower/envconfig"
 	"lnk/extensions/logger"
+	"lnk/extensions/opentelemetry"
 	"lnk/extensions/redis"
 	"lnk/gateways/gocql"
+
+	"github.com/joho/godotenv"
+	"github.com/kelseyhightower/envconfig"
 )
 
 type Config struct {
@@ -15,6 +17,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	Logger logger.Config
 	Gocql  gocql.Config
 	Redis  redis.Config
+	OTel   opentelemetry.Config
 }
 
 type App struct {
diff --git a/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/config.go b/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/config.go
index 5178e60..8ff2c04 100644
--- a/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/config.go
+++ b/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/config.go
@@ -1 +1,6 @@
 package opentelemetry
+
+type Config struct {
+	ServiceName string `envconfig:"SERVICE_NAME" default:"lnk-backend"`
+	Endpoint    string `envconfig:"OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT" default:"http://localhost:4317"`
+}
diff --git a/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go b/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go
index d60545b..c929686 100644
--- a/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go
+++ b/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go
@@ -2,119 +2,60 @@ package opentelemetry
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"time"
+	"fmt"
 
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log/global"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/propagation"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
+	sdktrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
+	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.37.0"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
 )
 
-func SetupOTelSDK(ctx context.Context) (func(context.Context) error, error) {
-	var shutdownFuncs []func(context.Context) error
-	var err error
+var tracer trace.Tracer
 
-	// shutdown calls cleanup functions registered via shutdownFuncs.
-	// The errors from the calls are joined.
-	// Each registered cleanup will be invoked once.
-	shutdown := func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		var err error
-		for _, fn := range shutdownFuncs {
-			err = errors.Join(err, fn(ctx))
-		}
-		shutdownFuncs = nil
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// handleErr calls shutdown for cleanup and makes sure that all errors are returned.
-	handleErr := func(inErr error) {
-		err = errors.Join(inErr, shutdown(ctx))
-	}
-
-	// Set up propagator.
-	prop := newPropagator()
-	otel.SetTextMapPropagator(prop)
-
-	// Set up trace provider.
-	tracerProvider, err := newTracerProvider()
+func SetupOTelSDK(ctx context.Context, cfg *Config) (func(context.Context) error, error) {
+	exp, err := newExporter(ctx, cfg.Endpoint)
 	if err != nil {
-		handleErr(err)
-		return shutdown, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize exporter: %w", err)
 	}
-	shutdownFuncs = append(shutdownFuncs, tracerProvider.Shutdown)
-	otel.SetTracerProvider(tracerProvider)
 
-	// Set up meter provider.
-	meterProvider, err := newMeterProvider()
-	if err != nil {
-		handleErr(err)
-		return shutdown, err
-	}
-	shutdownFuncs = append(shutdownFuncs, meterProvider.Shutdown)
-	otel.SetMeterProvider(meterProvider)
-
-	// Set up logger provider.
-	loggerProvider, err := newLoggerProvider()
-	if err != nil {
-		handleErr(err)
-		return shutdown, err
-	}
-	shutdownFuncs = append(shutdownFuncs, loggerProvider.Shutdown)
-	global.SetLoggerProvider(loggerProvider)
+	tp := newTracerProvider(exp, cfg.ServiceName)
 
-	return shutdown, err
-}
+	defer func() { _ = tp.Shutdown(ctx) }()
 
-func newPropagator() propagation.TextMapPropagator {
-	return propagation.NewCompositeTextMapPropagator(
-		propagation.TraceContext{},
-		propagation.Baggage{},
-	)
-}
+	otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
 
-func newTracerProvider() (*trace.TracerProvider, error) {
-	traceExporter, err := stdouttrace.New(
-		stdouttrace.WithPrettyPrint())
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	tracer = tp.Tracer(cfg.ServiceName)
 
-	tracerProvider := trace.NewTracerProvider(
-		trace.WithBatcher(traceExporter,
-			// Default is 5s. Set to 1s for demonstrative purposes.
-			trace.WithBatchTimeout(time.Second)),
-	)
-	return tracerProvider, nil
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return tp.Shutdown(ctx)
+	}, nil
 }
 
-func newMeterProvider() (*metric.MeterProvider, error) {
-	metricExporter, err := stdoutmetric.New()
+func newExporter(ctx context.Context, endpoint string) (sdktrace.SpanExporter, error) {
+	traceExporter, err := otlptracegrpc.New(ctx, otlptracegrpc.WithEndpoint(endpoint), otlptracegrpc.WithInsecure())
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create trace exporter: %w", err)
 	}
+	return traceExporter, nil
+}
 
-	meterProvider := metric.NewMeterProvider(
-		metric.WithReader(metric.NewPeriodicReader(metricExporter,
-			// Default is 1m. Set to 3s for demonstrative purposes.
-			metric.WithInterval(3*time.Second))),
+func newTracerProvider(exp sdktrace.SpanExporter, serviceName string) *sdktrace.TracerProvider {
+	r, err := resource.Merge(
+		resource.Default(),
+		resource.NewWithAttributes(
+			semconv.SchemaURL,
+			semconv.ServiceName(serviceName),
+		),
 	)
-	return meterProvider, nil
-}
 
-func newLoggerProvider() (*log.LoggerProvider, error) {
-	logExporter, err := stdoutlog.New()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		panic(err)
 	}
 
-	loggerProvider := log.NewLoggerProvider(
-		log.WithProcessor(log.NewBatchProcessor(logExporter)),
+	return sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(
+		sdktrace.WithBatcher(exp),
+		sdktrace.WithResource(r),
 	)
-	return loggerProvider, nil
 }
diff --git a/backend/go.mod b/backend/go.mod
index f46e9f4..0680142 100644
--- a/backend/go.mod
+++ b/backend/go.mod
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.11.0
 	github.com/gocql/gocql v0.0.0-20210515062232-b7ef815b4556
 	github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4 v4.19.0
-	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/joho/godotenv v1.5.1
 	github.com/kelseyhightower/envconfig v1.4.0
 	github.com/ory/dockertest/v3 v3.12.0
@@ -18,6 +17,15 @@ require (
 	github.com/swaggo/files v1.0.1
 	github.com/swaggo/gin-swagger v1.6.1
 	github.com/swaggo/swag v1.16.6
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.38.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.38.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.14.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.38.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.14.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.38.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.14.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.38.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
 )
 
@@ -32,6 +40,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.14.0 // indirect
 	github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.6 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/continuity v0.4.5 // indirect
@@ -41,7 +50,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/docker/docker v28.5.1+incompatible // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.8 // indirect
 	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
@@ -58,6 +66,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/google/shlex v0.0.0-20191202100458-e7afc7fbc510 // indirect
+	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.2 // indirect
 	github.com/hailocab/go-hostpool v0.0.0-20160125115350-e80d13ce29ed // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 // indirect
@@ -89,18 +99,10 @@ require (
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415 // indirect
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog v0.13.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.63.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.14.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.14.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.14.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.38.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.7.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/mock v0.5.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.10.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/arch v0.20.0 // indirect
@@ -111,8 +113,10 @@ require (
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.30.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/tools v0.37.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250825161204-c5933d9347a5 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250825161204-c5933d9347a5 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.75.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c // indirect
 	gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
diff --git a/backend/go.sum b/backend/go.sum
index 579325a..fc4f600 100644
--- a/backend/go.sum
+++ b/backend/go.sum
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.3.0 h1:dskwH8edlzNMctoruo8FPTJDF3vLtDT0sXZw
 github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.3.0/go.mod h1:N8A3vUdtUebEY2/VQC0MyhYeKUFosQU6FxH2JmUe6VI=
 github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 h1:MyRJ/UdXutAwSAT+s3wNd7MfTIcy71VQueUuFK343L8=
 github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0/go.mod h1:Y3VNntkOUPxTVeUxJ/G5vcM//AlwfmyYozVcomhLiZE=
+github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3 h1:ZN+IMa753KfX5hd8vVaMixjnqRZ3y8CuJKRKj1xcsSM=
+github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3/go.mod h1:rkhZdG3JZukswDf7f0cwqPNk4K0sa+F97BxZthm/crw=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.6 h1:t11wG9AECkCDk5fMSoxmufanudBtJ+/HemLstXDLI2M=
@@ -105,6 +107,8 @@ github.com/gocql/gocql v0.0.0-20210515062232-b7ef815b4556 h1:N/MD/sr6o61X+iZBAT2
 github.com/gocql/gocql v0.0.0-20210515062232-b7ef815b4556/go.mod h1:DL0ekTmBSTdlNF25Orwt/JMzqIq3EJ4MVa/J/uK64OY=
 github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4 v4.19.0 h1:RcjOnCGz3Or6HQYEJ/EEVLfWnmw9KnoigPSjzhCuaSE=
 github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4 v4.19.0/go.mod h1:9dyEcu+hO+G9hPSw8AIg50yg622pXJsoHItQnDGZkI0=
+github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 h1:i7eJL8qZTpSEXOPTxNKhASYpMn+8e5Q6AdndVa1dWek=
+github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4/go.mod h1:lnTiLA8Wa4RWRcIUkrtSVa5nRhsEGBg48fD6rSs7xps=
 github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.0-20170215233205-553a64147049/go.mod h1:/XxbfmMg8lxefKM7IXC3fBNl/7bRcc72aCRzEWrmP2Q=
 github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 h1:yAGX7huGHXlcLOEtBnF4w7FQwA26wojNCwOYAEhLjQM=
 github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4/go.mod h1:/XxbfmMg8lxefKM7IXC3fBNl/7bRcc72aCRzEWrmP2Q=
@@ -115,6 +119,8 @@ github.com/google/shlex v0.0.0-20191202100458-e7afc7fbc510 h1:El6M4kTTCOh6aBiKaU
 github.com/google/shlex v0.0.0-20191202100458-e7afc7fbc510/go.mod h1:pupxD2MaaD3pAXIBCelhxNneeOaAeabZDe5s4K6zSpQ=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.2 h1:8Tjv8EJ+pM1xP8mK6egEbD1OgnVTyacbefKhmbLhIhU=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.2/go.mod h1:pkJQ2tZHJ0aFOVEEot6oZmaVEZcRme73eIFmhiVuRWs=
 github.com/hailocab/go-hostpool v0.0.0-20160125115350-e80d13ce29ed h1:5upAirOpQc1Q53c0bnx2ufif5kANL7bfZWcc6VJWJd8=
 github.com/hailocab/go-hostpool v0.0.0-20160125115350-e80d13ce29ed/go.mod h1:tMWxXQ9wFIaZeTI9F+hmhFiGpFmhOHzyShyFUhRm0H4=
 github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.0.0/go.mod h1:YH+1FKiLXxHSkmPseP+kNlulaMuP3n2brvKWEqk/Jc4=
@@ -133,7 +139,6 @@ github.com/kelseyhightower/envconfig v1.4.0/go.mod h1:cccZRl6mQpaq41TPp5QxidR+Sa
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0 h1:S4CRMLnYUhGeDFDqkGriYKdfoFlDnMtqTiI/sFzhA9Y=
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:hqwkgyIinND0mEev00jJYCxPNVRVXFQeu1XKlok6oO0=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0/go.mod h1:dAy3ld7l9f0ibDNOQOHHMYYIIbhfbHSm3C4ZsoJORNo=
-github.com/kr/pretty v0.2.1/go.mod h1:ipq/a2n7PKx3OHsz4KJII5eveXtPO4qwEXGdVfWzfnI=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1/go.mod h1:hoEshYVHaxMs3cyo3Yncou5ZscifuDolrwPKZanG3xk=
 github.com/kr/pty v1.1.1/go.mod h1:pFQYn66WHrOpPYNljwOMqo10TkYh1fy3cYio2l3bCsQ=
@@ -227,38 +232,34 @@ github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0/go.mod h1:anYRn/JVcOK2ZgGU+IjEV4nwlhoK5sQ
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.4.13/go.mod h1:6yULJ656Px+3vBD8DxQVa3kxgyrAnzto9xy5taEt/CY=
 go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 h1:cH53jehLUN6UFLY71z+NDOiNJqDdPRaXzTel0sJySYA=
 go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0/go.mod h1:3wSPjt5PWp2RhlCcmmOial7AvC4DQqZb7a7wCow3W8A=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog v0.13.0 h1:bwnLpizECbPr1RrQ27waeY2SPIPeccCx/xLuoYADZ9s=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog v0.13.0/go.mod h1:3nWlOiiqA9UtUnrcNk82mYasNxD8ehOspL0gOfEo6Y4=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.54.0 h1:TT4fX+nBOA/+LUkobKGW1ydGcn+G3vRw9+g5HwCphpk=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.54.0/go.mod h1:L7UH0GbB0p47T4Rri3uHjbpCFYrVrwc1I25QhNPiGK8=
 go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.63.0 h1:RbKq8BG0FI8OiXhBfcRtqqHcZcka+gU3cskNuf05R18=
 go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.63.0/go.mod h1:h06DGIukJOevXaj/xrNjhi/2098RZzcLTbc0jDAUbsg=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.37.0 h1:9zhNfelUvx0KBfu/gb+ZgeAfAgtWrfHJZcAqFC228wQ=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.37.0/go.mod h1:ehE/umFRLnuLa/vSccNq9oS1ErUlkkK71gMcN34UG8I=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0 h1:RkfdswUDRimDg0m2Az18RKOsnI8UDzppJAtj01/Ymk8=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0/go.mod h1:zcmtmQ1+YmQM9wrNsTGV/q/uyusom3P8RxwExxkZhjM=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.38.0 h1:GqRJVj7UmLjCVyVJ3ZFLdPRmhDUp2zFmQe3RHIOsw24=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.38.0/go.mod h1:ri3aaHSmCTVYu2AWv44YMauwAQc0aqI9gHKIcSbI1pU=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.38.0 h1:lwI4Dc5leUqENgGuQImwLo4WnuXFPetmPpkLi2IrX54=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.38.0/go.mod h1:Kz/oCE7z5wuyhPxsXDuaPteSWqjSBD5YaSdbxZYGbGk=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.14.0 h1:B/g+qde6Mkzxbry5ZZag0l7QrQBCtVm7lVjaLgmpje8=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.14.0/go.mod h1:mOJK8eMmgW6ocDJn6Bn11CcZ05gi3P8GylBXEkZtbgA=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.38.0 h1:wm/Q0GAAykXv83wzcKzGGqAnnfLFyFe7RslekZuv+VI=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.38.0/go.mod h1:ra3Pa40+oKjvYh+ZD3EdxFZZB0xdMfuileHAm4nNN7w=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.38.0 h1:kJxSDN4SgWWTjG/hPp3O7LCGLcHXFlvS2/FFOrwL+SE=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.38.0/go.mod h1:mgIOzS7iZeKJdeB8/NYHrJ48fdGc71Llo5bJ1J4DWUE=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.14.0 h1:2rzJ+pOAZ8qmZ3DDHg73NEKzSZkhkGIua9gXtxNGgrM=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.14.0/go.mod h1:5jRG92fEAgx0SU/vFPxmJvhIuDU9E1SUnEQrMlJpOno=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.37.0 h1:mvwbQS5m0tbmqML4NqK+e3aDiO02vsf/WgbsdpcPoZE=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.37.0/go.mod h1:04wGrZurHYKOc+RKeye86GwKiTb9FKm1WHtO+4EVr2E=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0 h1:Kl6lzIYGAh5M159u9NgiRkmoMKjvbsKtYRwgfrA6WpA=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0/go.mod h1:kB5n/QoRM8YwmUahxvI3bO34eVtQf2i4utNVLr9gEmI=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.38.0 h1:l48sr5YbNf2hpCUj/FoGhW9yDkl+Ma+LrVl8qaM5b+E=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.38.0/go.mod h1:ghmNdGlVemJI3+ZB5iDEuk4bWA3GkTpW+DOoZMYBVVg=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.14.0 h1:JU/U3O7N6fsAXj0+CXz21Czg532dW2V4gG1HE/e8Zrg=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.14.0/go.mod h1:imQvII+0ZylXfKU7/wtOND8Hn4OpT3YUoIgqJVksUkM=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log/logtest v0.14.0 h1:Ijbtz+JKXl8T2MngiwqBlPaHqc4YCaP/i13Qrow6gAM=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log/logtest v0.14.0/go.mod h1:dCU8aEL6q+L9cYTqcVOk8rM9Tp8WdnHOPLiBgp0SGOA=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.38.0 h1:aSH66iL0aZqo//xXzQLYozmWrXxyFkBJ6qT5wthqPoM=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.38.0/go.mod h1:dg9PBnW9XdQ1Hd6ZnRz689CbtrUp0wMMs9iPcgT9EZA=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.37.0 h1:HLdcFNbRQBE2imdSEgm/kwqmQj1Or1l/7bW6mxVK7z4=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.37.0/go.mod h1:TlgrlQ+PtQO5XFerSPUYG0JSgGyryXewPGyayAWSBS0=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0 h1:Fxk5bKrDZJUH+AMyyIXGcFAPah0oRcT+LuNtJrmcNLE=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0/go.mod h1:j1P9ivuFsTceSWe1oY+EeW3sc+Pp42sO++GHkg4wwhs=
+go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.7.1 h1:gTOMpGDb0WTBOP8JaO72iL3auEZhVmAQg4ipjOVAtj4=
+go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.7.1/go.mod h1:b2rVh6rfI/s2pHWNlB7ILJcRALpcNDzKhACevjI+ZnE=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0/go.mod h1:CoHD4mav9JJNrW/WLlf7HGZPjdw8EucARQHekz1X6bE=
 go.uber.org/mock v0.5.0 h1:KAMbZvZPyBPWgD14IrIQ38QCyjwpvVVV6K/bHl1IwQU=
@@ -315,6 +316,14 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc
 golang.org/x/tools v0.37.0 h1:DVSRzp7FwePZW356yEAChSdNcQo6Nsp+fex1SUW09lE=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.37.0/go.mod h1:MBN5QPQtLMHVdvsbtarmTNukZDdgwdwlO5qGacAzF0w=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
+gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.16.0 h1:5+ul4Swaf3ESvrOnidPp4GZbzf0mxVQpDCYUQE7OJfk=
+gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.16.0/go.mod h1:fef3am4MQ93R2HHpKnLk4/Tbh/s0+wqD5nfa6Pnwy4E=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250825161204-c5933d9347a5 h1:BIRfGDEjiHRrk0QKZe3Xv2ieMhtgRGeLcZQ0mIVn4EY=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250825161204-c5933d9347a5/go.mod h1:j3QtIyytwqGr1JUDtYXwtMXWPKsEa5LtzIFN1Wn5WvE=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250825161204-c5933d9347a5 h1:eaY8u2EuxbRv7c3NiGK0/NedzVsCcV6hDuU5qPX5EGE=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250825161204-c5933d9347a5/go.mod h1:M4/wBTSeyLxupu3W3tJtOgB14jILAS/XWPSSa3TAlJc=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.75.0 h1:+TW+dqTd2Biwe6KKfhE5JpiYIBWq865PhKGSXiivqt4=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.75.0/go.mod h1:JtPAzKiq4v1xcAB2hydNlWI2RnF85XXcV0mhKXr2ecQ=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10 h1:AYd7cD/uASjIL6Q9LiTjz8JLcrh/88q5UObnmY3aOOE=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10/go.mod h1:HTf+CrKn2C3g5S8VImy6tdcUvCska2kB7j23XfzDpco=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
diff --git a/backend/main.go b/backend/main.go
index 5f750f9..02e33e8 100644
--- a/backend/main.go
+++ b/backend/main.go
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ func main() {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
 
-	shutdownOTel, err := setupOTelSDK(ctx)
+	shutdownOTel, err := setupOTelSDK(ctx, cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		appLogger.Fatal("Failed to setup OpenTelemetry", zap.Error(err))
 	}
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ func main() {
 	shutdownServer(ctx, appLogger, server)
 }
 
-func setupOTelSDK(ctx context.Context) (func(context.Context) error, error) {
-	return opentelemetry.SetupOTelSDK(ctx)
+func setupOTelSDK(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config) (func(context.Context) error, error) {
+	return opentelemetry.SetupOTelSDK(ctx, &cfg.OTel)
 }
 
 func setupConfigAndLogger() (*config.Config, *zap.Logger) {

From d6c39ef6f896ea7eab1375ed926b5d5b7737343e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Jo=C3=A3o=20Pedro=20Alves?= <joaopealves.dev@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2025 23:06:19 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 3/7] feat: enhance OpenTelemetry setup with new stdouttrace
 exporter and improved configuration

---
 backend/extensions/opentelemetry/config.go |  2 +-
 backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go  | 26 ++++++++++++++++------
 backend/go.mod                             |  1 +
 3 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/config.go b/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/config.go
index 8ff2c04..a2742bc 100644
--- a/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/config.go
+++ b/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/config.go
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ package opentelemetry
 
 type Config struct {
 	ServiceName string `envconfig:"SERVICE_NAME" default:"lnk-backend"`
-	Endpoint    string `envconfig:"OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT" default:"http://localhost:4317"`
+	Endpoint    string `envconfig:"OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT" default:"localhost:4317"`
 }
diff --git a/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go b/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go
index c929686..38ccb80 100644
--- a/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go
+++ b/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go
@@ -3,8 +3,11 @@ package opentelemetry
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"time"
 
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
 	sdktrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
@@ -12,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
 )
 
-var tracer trace.Tracer
+var Tracer trace.Tracer
 
 func SetupOTelSDK(ctx context.Context, cfg *Config) (func(context.Context) error, error) {
 	exp, err := newExporter(ctx, cfg.Endpoint)
@@ -22,11 +25,12 @@ func SetupOTelSDK(ctx context.Context, cfg *Config) (func(context.Context) error
 
 	tp := newTracerProvider(exp, cfg.ServiceName)
 
-	defer func() { _ = tp.Shutdown(ctx) }()
-
 	otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
+	
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stdout, "[DEBUG] OpenTelemetry tracer initialized, exporting to: %s\n", cfg.Endpoint)
+	os.Stdout.Sync()
 
-	tracer = tp.Tracer(cfg.ServiceName)
+	Tracer = tp.Tracer(cfg.ServiceName)
 
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return tp.Shutdown(ctx)
@@ -34,7 +38,12 @@ func SetupOTelSDK(ctx context.Context, cfg *Config) (func(context.Context) error
 }
 
 func newExporter(ctx context.Context, endpoint string) (sdktrace.SpanExporter, error) {
-	traceExporter, err := otlptracegrpc.New(ctx, otlptracegrpc.WithEndpoint(endpoint), otlptracegrpc.WithInsecure())
+	client := otlptracegrpc.NewClient(
+		otlptracegrpc.WithEndpoint(endpoint),
+		otlptracegrpc.WithInsecure(),
+	)
+	
+	traceExporter, err := otlptrace.New(ctx, client)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create trace exporter: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -46,7 +55,7 @@ func newTracerProvider(exp sdktrace.SpanExporter, serviceName string) *sdktrace.
 		resource.Default(),
 		resource.NewWithAttributes(
 			semconv.SchemaURL,
-			semconv.ServiceName(serviceName),
+			semconv.ServiceNameKey.String(serviceName),
 		),
 	)
 
@@ -55,7 +64,10 @@ func newTracerProvider(exp sdktrace.SpanExporter, serviceName string) *sdktrace.
 	}
 
 	return sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(
-		sdktrace.WithBatcher(exp),
+		sdktrace.WithBatcher(exp,
+			sdktrace.WithBatchTimeout(1*time.Second), // Flush batches every 1 second
+			sdktrace.WithMaxExportBatchSize(512),     // Export up to 512 spans per batch
+		),
 		sdktrace.WithResource(r),
 	)
 }
diff --git a/backend/go.mod b/backend/go.mod
index 0680142..044690d 100644
--- a/backend/go.mod
+++ b/backend/go.mod
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.38.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.14.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.38.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.38.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.14.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.38.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.14.0

From 1225ba27c543a08761199adf9b9d4483c593fcd1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Jo=C3=A3o=20Pedro=20Alves?= <joaopealves.dev@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2025 22:48:13 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 4/7] feat: refactor GetLongURL use case and enhance
 OpenTelemetry integration

---
 .../domain/entities/usecases/get_long_test.go | 12 +--
 .../domain/entities/usecases/get_long_url.go  | 20 ++++-
 backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go     |  9 +-
 .../gocql/repositories/url_repository.go      | 37 +++++++--
 .../gateways/http/handlers/urls_handler.go    |  5 +-
 frontend/src/app/[shortUrl]/route.ts          |  2 -
 frontend/src/app/globals.css                  |  6 ++
 frontend/src/app/layout.tsx                   |  3 +-
 frontend/src/components/ui/sonner.tsx         |  2 +
 frontend/src/components/url-dialog.tsx        | 31 +++----
 frontend/src/components/url-input.tsx         | 37 +++++----
 frontend/src/components/url-shortener.tsx     | 28 +------
 .../src/providers/url-shortener-provider.tsx  | 83 +++++++++++++++++++
 13 files changed, 189 insertions(+), 86 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 frontend/src/providers/url-shortener-provider.tsx

diff --git a/backend/domain/entities/usecases/get_long_test.go b/backend/domain/entities/usecases/get_long_test.go
index 49a2657..7819e13 100644
--- a/backend/domain/entities/usecases/get_long_test.go
+++ b/backend/domain/entities/usecases/get_long_test.go
@@ -4,13 +4,14 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/mock"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"lnk/domain/entities/usecases"
 	"lnk/extensions/gocqltesting"
 	"lnk/extensions/redis/mocks"
 	"lnk/gateways/gocql/repositories"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/mock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )
 
 func Test_UseCase_GetLongURL(t *testing.T) {
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ func Test_UseCase_GetLongURL(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, shortCode)
 
-	longURL, err := useCase.GetLongURL(shortCode)
+	longURL, err := useCase.GetLongURL(ctx, shortCode)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, longURL)
 	require.Equal(t, url, longURL)
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ func Test_UseCase_GetLongURL(t *testing.T) {
 func Test_UseCase_GetLongURL_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
+	ctx := context.Background()
 	session, err := gocqltesting.NewDB(t, t.Name())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ func Test_UseCase_GetLongURL_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	useCase := usecases.NewUseCase(params)
 
 	shortCode := "1234567890"
-	longURL, err := useCase.GetLongURL(shortCode)
+	longURL, err := useCase.GetLongURL(ctx, shortCode)
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	require.ErrorIs(t, err, usecases.ErrURLNotFound)
 	require.Empty(t, longURL)
diff --git a/backend/domain/entities/usecases/get_long_url.go b/backend/domain/entities/usecases/get_long_url.go
index 075bfa7..12e2518 100644
--- a/backend/domain/entities/usecases/get_long_url.go
+++ b/backend/domain/entities/usecases/get_long_url.go
@@ -1,11 +1,27 @@
 package usecases
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/codes"
 )
 
-func (uc *UseCase) GetLongURL(shortCode string) (string, error) {
-	url, err := uc.repository.GetURLByShortCode(shortCode)
+func (uc *UseCase) GetLongURL(ctx context.Context, shortCode string) (string, error) {
+	tracer := otel.Tracer("usecases.GetLongURL")
+	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "GetLongURL")
+	defer span.End()
+
+	var err error
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			span.RecordError(err)
+			span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
+		}
+	}()
+
+	url, err := uc.repository.GetURLByShortCode(ctx, shortCode)
 
 	if url == nil {
 		return "", ErrURLNotFound
diff --git a/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go b/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go
index 38ccb80..b340e6f 100644
--- a/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go
+++ b/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go
@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ func SetupOTelSDK(ctx context.Context, cfg *Config) (func(context.Context) error
 	tp := newTracerProvider(exp, cfg.ServiceName)
 
 	otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
-	
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stdout, "[DEBUG] OpenTelemetry tracer initialized, exporting to: %s\n", cfg.Endpoint)
+
 	os.Stdout.Sync()
 
 	Tracer = tp.Tracer(cfg.ServiceName)
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ func newExporter(ctx context.Context, endpoint string) (sdktrace.SpanExporter, e
 		otlptracegrpc.WithEndpoint(endpoint),
 		otlptracegrpc.WithInsecure(),
 	)
-	
+
 	traceExporter, err := otlptrace.New(ctx, client)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create trace exporter: %w", err)
@@ -65,8 +64,8 @@ func newTracerProvider(exp sdktrace.SpanExporter, serviceName string) *sdktrace.
 
 	return sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(
 		sdktrace.WithBatcher(exp,
-			sdktrace.WithBatchTimeout(1*time.Second), // Flush batches every 1 second
-			sdktrace.WithMaxExportBatchSize(512),     // Export up to 512 spans per batch
+			sdktrace.WithBatchTimeout(1*time.Second),
+			sdktrace.WithMaxExportBatchSize(512),
 		),
 		sdktrace.WithResource(r),
 	)
diff --git a/backend/gateways/gocql/repositories/url_repository.go b/backend/gateways/gocql/repositories/url_repository.go
index 7c19d3f..ccdde54 100644
--- a/backend/gateways/gocql/repositories/url_repository.go
+++ b/backend/gateways/gocql/repositories/url_repository.go
@@ -6,14 +6,29 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/gocql/gocql"
 	"lnk/domain/entities"
+
+	"github.com/gocql/gocql"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/codes"
 )
 
 func (r *Repository) CreateURL(ctx context.Context, url *entities.URL) error {
+	tracer := otel.Tracer("repositories.CreateURL")
+	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "CreateURL")
+	defer span.End()
+
+	var err error
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			span.RecordError(err)
+			span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
+		}
+	}()
+
 	url.CreatedAt = time.Now().UTC()
 
-	err := r.session.Query(
+	err = r.session.Query(
 		"INSERT INTO urls (short_code, long_url, created_at) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
 		url.ShortCode, url.LongURL, url.CreatedAt,
 	).ExecContext(ctx)
@@ -24,13 +39,25 @@ func (r *Repository) CreateURL(ctx context.Context, url *entities.URL) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (r *Repository) GetURLByShortCode(shortCode string) (*entities.URL, error) {
+func (r *Repository) GetURLByShortCode(ctx context.Context, shortCode string) (*entities.URL, error) {
+	tracer := otel.Tracer("repositories.GetURLByShortCode")
+	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "GetURLByShortCode")
+	defer span.End()
+
+	var err error
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			span.RecordError(err)
+			span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
+		}
+	}()
+
 	var url entities.URL
 
-	err := r.session.Query(
+	err = r.session.Query(
 		"SELECT short_code, long_url, created_at FROM urls WHERE short_code = ?",
 		shortCode,
-	).Scan(&url.ShortCode, &url.LongURL, &url.CreatedAt)
+	).ScanContext(ctx, &url.ShortCode, &url.LongURL, &url.CreatedAt)
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, gocql.ErrNotFound) {
 			return nil, gocql.ErrNotFound
diff --git a/backend/gateways/http/handlers/urls_handler.go b/backend/gateways/http/handlers/urls_handler.go
index e62fa2e..e3d78c1 100644
--- a/backend/gateways/http/handlers/urls_handler.go
+++ b/backend/gateways/http/handlers/urls_handler.go
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 
+	"lnk/domain/entities/usecases"
+
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
-	"lnk/domain/entities/usecases"
 )
 
 type CreateURLRequest struct {
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ func (h *URLsHandler) CreateURL(c *gin.Context) {
 func (h *URLsHandler) GetURL(c *gin.Context) {
 	shortCode := c.Param("short_url")
 
-	longURL, err := h.useCase.GetLongURL(shortCode)
+	longURL, err := h.useCase.GetLongURL(c.Request.Context(), shortCode)
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, usecases.ErrURLNotFound) {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, ErrorResponse{Error: err.Error()})
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/[shortUrl]/route.ts b/frontend/src/app/[shortUrl]/route.ts
index 32c44a6..9714448 100644
--- a/frontend/src/app/[shortUrl]/route.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/app/[shortUrl]/route.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ export async function GET(
   try {
     const response = await getShortUrl(shortUrl);
 
-    console.log("response", response);
-
     if (response.status === 308) {
       const location = response.headers.get("Location");
       if (location) {
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/globals.css b/frontend/src/app/globals.css
index ae1e47d..6d42995 100644
--- a/frontend/src/app/globals.css
+++ b/frontend/src/app/globals.css
@@ -99,3 +99,9 @@
     background-color: #0b101b;
   }
 }
+
+@layer utilities {
+  [data-sonner-toast][data-type="success"] [data-icon] {
+    color: #30b6db;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/layout.tsx b/frontend/src/app/layout.tsx
index a13103a..0bd7eb1 100644
--- a/frontend/src/app/layout.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/app/layout.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import type { Metadata } from "next";
 import { Geist, Geist_Mono } from "next/font/google";
 import "./globals.css";
 import { Toaster } from "@/components/ui/sonner";
+import { UrlShortenerProvider } from "@/providers/url-shortener-provider";
 
 const _geist = Geist({ subsets: ["latin"] });
 const _geistMono = Geist_Mono({ subsets: ["latin"] });
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ export default function RootLayout({
   return (
     <html lang="en" className="dark">
       <body className={`font-sans antialiased`}>
-        {children}
+        <UrlShortenerProvider>{children}</UrlShortenerProvider>
         <Toaster />
       </body>
     </html>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/ui/sonner.tsx b/frontend/src/components/ui/sonner.tsx
index 0921376..e43878e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/ui/sonner.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/ui/sonner.tsx
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ const Toaster = ({ ...props }: ToasterProps) => {
             "group-[.toast]:bg-primary group-[.toast]:text-primary-foreground",
           cancelButton:
             "group-[.toast]:bg-muted group-[.toast]:text-muted-foreground",
+          success:
+            "group-[.toaster]:border-l-[4px] group-[.toaster]:border-[#30b6db]",
         },
       }}
       {...props}
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/url-dialog.tsx b/frontend/src/components/url-dialog.tsx
index 63fba01..69feeba 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/url-dialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/url-dialog.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { CheckCircle2, Copy } from "lucide-react";
 import { useState } from "react";
 import { toast } from "sonner";
+import { useUrlShortener } from "@/providers/url-shortener-provider";
 import { Button } from "./ui/button";
 import {
   Dialog,
@@ -11,21 +12,9 @@ import {
 } from "./ui/dialog";
 import { Input } from "./ui/input";
 
-interface UrlDialogProps {
-  shortUrl: string;
-  originalUrl: string;
-  open: boolean;
-  setUrl: (url: string) => void;
-  onOpenChange: (open: boolean) => void;
-}
-
-export function UrlDialog({
-  shortUrl,
-  originalUrl,
-  open,
-  setUrl,
-  onOpenChange,
-}: UrlDialogProps) {
+export function UrlDialog() {
+  const { shortUrl, originalUrl, dialogOpen, setDialogOpen, clearUrl } =
+    useUrlShortener();
   const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false);
   const frontEndUrl = process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_FRONT_URL;
   const fullUrl = `${frontEndUrl}/${shortUrl}`;
@@ -42,8 +31,13 @@ export function UrlDialog({
     }
   };
 
+  const handleNewUrl = () => {
+    clearUrl();
+    setDialogOpen(false);
+  };
+
   return (
-    <Dialog open={open} onOpenChange={onOpenChange}>
+    <Dialog open={dialogOpen} onOpenChange={setDialogOpen}>
       <DialogContent className="sm:max-w-md bg-gray-800 border-0">
         <DialogHeader>
           <DialogTitle className="flex items-center gap-2 text-[#30b6db]">
@@ -84,10 +78,7 @@ export function UrlDialog({
           </div>
 
           <Button
-            onClick={() => {
-              setUrl("");
-              onOpenChange(false);
-            }}
+            onClick={handleNewUrl}
             className="w-full bg-[#30b6db] hover:bg-[#30b6db]/90 text-white"
           >
             Shorten a new URL
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/url-input.tsx b/frontend/src/components/url-input.tsx
index fc14b0c..0ce1527 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/url-input.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/url-input.tsx
@@ -1,35 +1,34 @@
 import { LinkIcon } from "lucide-react";
+import { useEffect } from "react";
 import { useForm } from "react-hook-form";
+import { useUrlShortener } from "@/providers/url-shortener-provider";
 import { Button } from "./ui/button";
 import { Input } from "./ui/input";
 
-interface UrlInputProps {
-  url: string;
-  setUrl: (url: string) => void;
-  requestShorten: () => void;
-}
-
 interface FormData {
   url: string;
 }
 
-export function UrlInput({ url, setUrl, requestShorten }: UrlInputProps) {
-  const {
-    register,
-    handleSubmit,
-    formState: { isValid },
-  } = useForm<FormData>({
+export function UrlInput() {
+  const { url, setUrl, requestShorten } = useUrlShortener();
+  const { register, handleSubmit, reset, watch } = useForm<FormData>({
     mode: "onChange",
     defaultValues: {
-      url,
+      url: "",
     },
   });
 
-  const onSubmit = (data: FormData) => {
-    if (isValid) {
-      setUrl(data.url);
-      requestShorten();
+  const formUrl = watch("url");
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (url === "") {
+      reset({ url: "" });
     }
+  }, [url, reset]);
+
+  const onSubmit = (data: FormData) => {
+    setUrl(data.url);
+    requestShorten();
   };
 
   const validateUrl = (value: string) => {
@@ -49,6 +48,8 @@ export function UrlInput({ url, setUrl, requestShorten }: UrlInputProps) {
     validate: validateUrl,
   });
 
+  const isFormValid = formUrl && validateUrl(formUrl) === true;
+
   return (
     <form onSubmit={handleSubmit(onSubmit)} className="w-full px-4 sm:px-6">
       <div className=" bg-gray-800/50 flex flex-col sm:flex-row items-stretch sm:items-center w-full max-w-2xl lg:max-w-3xl mx-auto min-h-[60px] sm:h-[76px]  rounded-2xl sm:rounded-4xl gap-2 sm:gap-0 overflow-hidden">
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ export function UrlInput({ url, setUrl, requestShorten }: UrlInputProps) {
         </div>
         <Button
           type="submit"
-          disabled={!isValid}
+          disabled={!isFormValid}
           className="bg-[#30b6db] text-primary-foreground sm:rounded-4xl w-full sm:w-[178px] h-full sm:h-[60px] cursor-pointer hover:shadow-lg hover:bg-[#30b6db]/90 transition-all duration-300 sm:mr-0.5 disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed shrink-0"
         >
           Shorten
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/url-shortener.tsx b/frontend/src/components/url-shortener.tsx
index 572ada4..6ad7895 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/url-shortener.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/url-shortener.tsx
@@ -1,37 +1,13 @@
 "use client";
 
-import { useState } from "react";
-import { toast } from "sonner";
-import { postShorten } from "@/api/lnk";
 import { UrlDialog } from "./url-dialog";
 import { UrlInput } from "./url-input";
 
 export function UrlShortener() {
-  const [url, setUrl] = useState("");
-  const [shortUrl, setShortUrl] = useState("");
-  const [dialogOpen, setDialogOpen] = useState(false);
-
-  const requestShorten = async () => {
-    const response = await postShorten({ url });
-    if (response.status === 200) {
-      setShortUrl(response.data.short_url ?? "");
-      setDialogOpen(true);
-    } else {
-      toast.error("Failed to shorten URL");
-    }
-  };
-
   return (
     <div className="w-full max-w-4xl mx-auto space-y-8">
-      <UrlInput url={url} setUrl={setUrl} requestShorten={requestShorten} />
-
-      <UrlDialog
-        shortUrl={shortUrl}
-        setUrl={setUrl}
-        originalUrl={url}
-        open={dialogOpen}
-        onOpenChange={setDialogOpen}
-      />
+      <UrlInput />
+      <UrlDialog />
     </div>
   );
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/providers/url-shortener-provider.tsx b/frontend/src/providers/url-shortener-provider.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc039a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/providers/url-shortener-provider.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+"use client";
+
+import {
+  createContext,
+  type ReactNode,
+  useCallback,
+  useContext,
+  useState,
+} from "react";
+import { toast } from "sonner";
+import { postShorten } from "@/api/lnk";
+
+interface UrlShortenerContextType {
+  url: string;
+  setUrl: (url: string) => void;
+  shortUrl: string;
+  originalUrl: string;
+  dialogOpen: boolean;
+  setDialogOpen: (open: boolean) => void;
+  requestShorten: () => Promise<void>;
+  clearUrl: () => void;
+}
+
+const UrlShortenerContext = createContext<UrlShortenerContextType | undefined>(
+  undefined,
+);
+
+export function UrlShortenerProvider({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
+  const [url, setUrl] = useState("");
+  const [shortUrl, setShortUrl] = useState("");
+  const [originalUrl, setOriginalUrl] = useState("");
+  const [dialogOpen, setDialogOpen] = useState(false);
+
+  const requestShorten = useCallback(async () => {
+    if (!url) return;
+
+    try {
+      const response = await postShorten({ url });
+      if (response.status !== 200) {
+        toast.error("Failed to shorten URL");
+        return;
+      }
+
+      setOriginalUrl(url);
+      setShortUrl(response.data.short_url ?? "");
+      setDialogOpen(true);
+      setUrl("");
+      toast.success("URL shortened successfully!");
+      return;
+    } catch (_error) {
+      toast.error("Failed to shorten URL");
+    }
+  }, [url]);
+
+  const clearUrl = useCallback(() => {
+    setUrl("");
+  }, []);
+
+  return (
+    <UrlShortenerContext.Provider
+      value={{
+        url,
+        setUrl,
+        shortUrl,
+        originalUrl,
+        dialogOpen,
+        setDialogOpen,
+        requestShorten,
+        clearUrl,
+      }}
+    >
+      {children}
+    </UrlShortenerContext.Provider>
+  );
+}
+
+export function useUrlShortener() {
+  const context = useContext(UrlShortenerContext);
+  if (context === undefined) {
+    throw new Error("useUrlShortener must be used within UrlShortenerProvider");
+  }
+  return context;
+}

From b596d97a06b26ef16f325b348e9c3201de01e411 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Jo=C3=A3o=20Pedro=20Alves?= <joaopealves.dev@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2025 23:09:55 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 5/7] feat: enhance OpenTelemetry integration in URL handling
 and repository use cases

---
 .../domain/entities/usecases/create_url.go    |  2 +-
 .../domain/entities/usecases/get_long_url.go  |  5 +--
 .../gocql/repositories/url_repository.go      |  8 ++--
 .../gateways/http/handlers/urls_handler.go    | 40 ++++++++++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backend/domain/entities/usecases/create_url.go b/backend/domain/entities/usecases/create_url.go
index ff0033a..38254ec 100644
--- a/backend/domain/entities/usecases/create_url.go
+++ b/backend/domain/entities/usecases/create_url.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 
 func (uc *UseCase) CreateShortURL(ctx context.Context, longURL string) (string, error) {
 	tracer := otel.Tracer("usecases.CreateShortURL")
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "CreateShortURL")
+	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "CreateShortURLUsecase")
 	var err error
 
 	defer func() {
diff --git a/backend/domain/entities/usecases/get_long_url.go b/backend/domain/entities/usecases/get_long_url.go
index 12e2518..c5566ec 100644
--- a/backend/domain/entities/usecases/get_long_url.go
+++ b/backend/domain/entities/usecases/get_long_url.go
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ import (
 
 func (uc *UseCase) GetLongURL(ctx context.Context, shortCode string) (string, error) {
 	tracer := otel.Tracer("usecases.GetLongURL")
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "GetLongURL")
-	defer span.End()
+	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "GetLongURLUsecase")
 
 	var err error
 	defer func() {
@@ -20,9 +19,9 @@ func (uc *UseCase) GetLongURL(ctx context.Context, shortCode string) (string, er
 			span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
 		}
 	}()
+	defer span.End()
 
 	url, err := uc.repository.GetURLByShortCode(ctx, shortCode)
-
 	if url == nil {
 		return "", ErrURLNotFound
 	}
diff --git a/backend/gateways/gocql/repositories/url_repository.go b/backend/gateways/gocql/repositories/url_repository.go
index ccdde54..711945c 100644
--- a/backend/gateways/gocql/repositories/url_repository.go
+++ b/backend/gateways/gocql/repositories/url_repository.go
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ import (
 
 func (r *Repository) CreateURL(ctx context.Context, url *entities.URL) error {
 	tracer := otel.Tracer("repositories.CreateURL")
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "CreateURL")
-	defer span.End()
+	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "CreateURLRepository")
 
 	var err error
 	defer func() {
@@ -25,6 +24,7 @@ func (r *Repository) CreateURL(ctx context.Context, url *entities.URL) error {
 			span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
 		}
 	}()
+	defer span.End()
 
 	url.CreatedAt = time.Now().UTC()
 
@@ -41,8 +41,7 @@ func (r *Repository) CreateURL(ctx context.Context, url *entities.URL) error {
 
 func (r *Repository) GetURLByShortCode(ctx context.Context, shortCode string) (*entities.URL, error) {
 	tracer := otel.Tracer("repositories.GetURLByShortCode")
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "GetURLByShortCode")
-	defer span.End()
+	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "GetURLByShortCodeRepository")
 
 	var err error
 	defer func() {
@@ -51,6 +50,7 @@ func (r *Repository) GetURLByShortCode(ctx context.Context, shortCode string) (*
 			span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
 		}
 	}()
+	defer span.End()
 
 	var url entities.URL
 
diff --git a/backend/gateways/http/handlers/urls_handler.go b/backend/gateways/http/handlers/urls_handler.go
index e3d78c1..1d2fae3 100644
--- a/backend/gateways/http/handlers/urls_handler.go
+++ b/backend/gateways/http/handlers/urls_handler.go
@@ -2,11 +2,14 @@ package handlers
 
 import (
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 
 	"lnk/domain/entities/usecases"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/codes"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )
 
@@ -53,18 +56,36 @@ func NewURLsHandler(logger *zap.Logger, useCase *usecases.UseCase) *URLsHandler
 // @Failure      500      {object}  ErrorResponse
 // @Router       /shorten [post]
 func (h *URLsHandler) CreateURL(c *gin.Context) {
+	ctx := c.Request.Context()
+	tracer := otel.Tracer("handlers.CreateURL")
+	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "CreateURLHandler")
+
+	var err error
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			span.RecordError(err)
+			span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
+		}
+	}()
+	defer span.End()
+
 	var req CreateURLRequest
 	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("failed to bind JSON: %w", err)
+		span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, ErrorResponse{Error: err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
 
-	shortURL, err := h.useCase.CreateShortURL(c.Request.Context(), req.URL)
+	shortURL, err := h.useCase.CreateShortURL(ctx, req.URL)
 	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("failed to create short URL: %w", err)
+		span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, ErrorResponse{Error: err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
 
+	span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "Short URL created")
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, CreateURLResponse{
 		ShortURL:    shortURL,
 		OriginalURL: req.URL,
@@ -85,18 +106,33 @@ func (h *URLsHandler) CreateURL(c *gin.Context) {
 // @Router       /{short_url} [get]
 func (h *URLsHandler) GetURL(c *gin.Context) {
 	shortCode := c.Param("short_url")
+	ctx := c.Request.Context()
+	tracer := otel.Tracer("handlers.GetURL")
+	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "GetURLHandler")
+
+	var err error
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			span.RecordError(err)
+			span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
+		}
+	}()
+	defer span.End()
 
-	longURL, err := h.useCase.GetLongURL(c.Request.Context(), shortCode)
+	longURL, err := h.useCase.GetLongURL(ctx, shortCode)
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, usecases.ErrURLNotFound) {
+			span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
 			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, ErrorResponse{Error: err.Error()})
 			return
 		}
 
+		span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, ErrorResponse{Error: err.Error()})
 
 		return
 	}
 
+	span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "URL found")
 	c.JSON(http.StatusPermanentRedirect, gin.H{"url": longURL})
 }

From 4e8b5c7a36e99e1205e2720e2e446b5454bacf2a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Jo=C3=A3o=20Pedro=20Alves?= <joaopealves.dev@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Nov 2025 12:04:03 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 6/7] feat: enhance OpenTelemetry metrics integration for URL
 shortening functionality

---
 .../domain/entities/usecases/create_url.go    | 35 ++++++++++
 backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go     | 66 +++++++++++++++++--
 backend/go.mod                                | 10 +--
 backend/go.sum                                | 12 +---
 4 files changed, 101 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backend/domain/entities/usecases/create_url.go b/backend/domain/entities/usecases/create_url.go
index 38254ec..88386d3 100644
--- a/backend/domain/entities/usecases/create_url.go
+++ b/backend/domain/entities/usecases/create_url.go
@@ -3,12 +3,20 @@ package usecases
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"sync"
 
 	"lnk/domain/entities"
 	"lnk/domain/entities/helpers"
 
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/codes"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
+)
+
+var (
+	urlShortenedCounter metric.Int64Counter
+	counterOnce         sync.Once
 )
 
 func (uc *UseCase) CreateShortURL(ctx context.Context, longURL string) (string, error) {
@@ -41,5 +49,32 @@ func (uc *UseCase) CreateShortURL(ctx context.Context, longURL string) (string,
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create URL in repository: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	uc.incrementURLShortenedMetric(ctx)
+
 	return shortCode, nil
 }
+
+func (uc *UseCase) incrementURLShortenedMetric(ctx context.Context) {
+	counterOnce.Do(func() {
+		meter := otel.Meter("lnk-backend", metric.WithInstrumentationVersion("1.0.0"))
+		var err error
+		urlShortenedCounter, err = meter.Int64Counter(
+			"urls_shortened_total",
+			metric.WithDescription("Total number of URLs shortened"),
+			metric.WithUnit("1"),
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	})
+
+	if urlShortenedCounter == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	urlShortenedCounter.Add(ctx, 1,
+		metric.WithAttributes(
+			attribute.String("service", "lnk-backend"),
+		),
+	)
+}
diff --git a/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go b/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go
index b340e6f..6e93858 100644
--- a/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go
+++ b/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go
@@ -7,8 +7,11 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
+	sdkmetric "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
 	sdktrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
 	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.37.0"
@@ -16,27 +19,46 @@ import (
 )
 
 var Tracer trace.Tracer
+var Meter metric.Meter
 
 func SetupOTelSDK(ctx context.Context, cfg *Config) (func(context.Context) error, error) {
-	exp, err := newExporter(ctx, cfg.Endpoint)
+	traceExp, err := newTraceExporter(ctx, cfg.Endpoint)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize exporter: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize trace exporter: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	tp := newTracerProvider(exp, cfg.ServiceName)
+	metricReader, err := newMetricExporter(ctx, cfg.Endpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize metric exporter: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	tp := newTracerProvider(traceExp, cfg.ServiceName)
+	mp := newMeterProvider(metricReader, cfg.ServiceName)
 
 	otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
+	otel.SetMeterProvider(mp)
 
 	os.Stdout.Sync()
 
 	Tracer = tp.Tracer(cfg.ServiceName)
+	Meter = mp.Meter(cfg.ServiceName)
 
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		return tp.Shutdown(ctx)
+		var errs []error
+		if err := tp.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to shutdown tracer provider: %w", err))
+		}
+		if err := mp.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to shutdown meter provider: %w", err))
+		}
+		if len(errs) > 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("shutdown errors: %v", errs)
+		}
+		return nil
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func newExporter(ctx context.Context, endpoint string) (sdktrace.SpanExporter, error) {
+func newTraceExporter(ctx context.Context, endpoint string) (sdktrace.SpanExporter, error) {
 	client := otlptracegrpc.NewClient(
 		otlptracegrpc.WithEndpoint(endpoint),
 		otlptracegrpc.WithInsecure(),
@@ -49,6 +71,40 @@ func newExporter(ctx context.Context, endpoint string) (sdktrace.SpanExporter, e
 	return traceExporter, nil
 }
 
+func newMetricExporter(ctx context.Context, endpoint string) (sdkmetric.Reader, error) {
+	exporter, err := otlpmetricgrpc.New(
+		ctx,
+		otlpmetricgrpc.WithEndpoint(endpoint),
+		otlpmetricgrpc.WithInsecure(),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create OTLP metric exporter: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return sdkmetric.NewPeriodicReader(exporter,
+		sdkmetric.WithInterval(10*time.Second),
+	), nil
+}
+
+func newMeterProvider(reader sdkmetric.Reader, serviceName string) *sdkmetric.MeterProvider {
+	r, err := resource.Merge(
+		resource.Default(),
+		resource.NewWithAttributes(
+			semconv.SchemaURL,
+			semconv.ServiceNameKey.String(serviceName),
+		),
+	)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	return sdkmetric.NewMeterProvider(
+		sdkmetric.WithReader(reader),
+		sdkmetric.WithResource(r),
+	)
+}
+
 func newTracerProvider(exp sdktrace.SpanExporter, serviceName string) *sdktrace.TracerProvider {
 	r, err := resource.Merge(
 		resource.Default(),
diff --git a/backend/go.mod b/backend/go.mod
index 044690d..a459037 100644
--- a/backend/go.mod
+++ b/backend/go.mod
@@ -18,15 +18,13 @@ require (
 	github.com/swaggo/gin-swagger v1.6.1
 	github.com/swaggo/swag v1.16.6
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.38.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.38.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.38.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.14.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.38.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.38.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.14.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.38.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.14.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.38.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
 )
 
@@ -101,8 +99,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.63.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.7.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/mock v0.5.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.10.0 // indirect
diff --git a/backend/go.sum b/backend/go.sum
index fc4f600..85f7a81 100644
--- a/backend/go.sum
+++ b/backend/go.sum
@@ -236,24 +236,16 @@ go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.63.0 h1:RbKq8BG
 go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.63.0/go.mod h1:h06DGIukJOevXaj/xrNjhi/2098RZzcLTbc0jDAUbsg=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0 h1:RkfdswUDRimDg0m2Az18RKOsnI8UDzppJAtj01/Ymk8=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0/go.mod h1:zcmtmQ1+YmQM9wrNsTGV/q/uyusom3P8RxwExxkZhjM=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.38.0 h1:vl9obrcoWVKp/lwl8tRE33853I8Xru9HFbw/skNeLs8=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.38.0/go.mod h1:GAXRxmLJcVM3u22IjTg74zWBrRCKq8BnOqUVLodpcpw=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.38.0 h1:GqRJVj7UmLjCVyVJ3ZFLdPRmhDUp2zFmQe3RHIOsw24=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.38.0/go.mod h1:ri3aaHSmCTVYu2AWv44YMauwAQc0aqI9gHKIcSbI1pU=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.38.0 h1:lwI4Dc5leUqENgGuQImwLo4WnuXFPetmPpkLi2IrX54=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.38.0/go.mod h1:Kz/oCE7z5wuyhPxsXDuaPteSWqjSBD5YaSdbxZYGbGk=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.14.0 h1:B/g+qde6Mkzxbry5ZZag0l7QrQBCtVm7lVjaLgmpje8=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.14.0/go.mod h1:mOJK8eMmgW6ocDJn6Bn11CcZ05gi3P8GylBXEkZtbgA=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.38.0 h1:wm/Q0GAAykXv83wzcKzGGqAnnfLFyFe7RslekZuv+VI=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.38.0/go.mod h1:ra3Pa40+oKjvYh+ZD3EdxFZZB0xdMfuileHAm4nNN7w=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.14.0 h1:2rzJ+pOAZ8qmZ3DDHg73NEKzSZkhkGIua9gXtxNGgrM=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.14.0/go.mod h1:5jRG92fEAgx0SU/vFPxmJvhIuDU9E1SUnEQrMlJpOno=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0 h1:Kl6lzIYGAh5M159u9NgiRkmoMKjvbsKtYRwgfrA6WpA=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0/go.mod h1:kB5n/QoRM8YwmUahxvI3bO34eVtQf2i4utNVLr9gEmI=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.38.0 h1:l48sr5YbNf2hpCUj/FoGhW9yDkl+Ma+LrVl8qaM5b+E=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.38.0/go.mod h1:ghmNdGlVemJI3+ZB5iDEuk4bWA3GkTpW+DOoZMYBVVg=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.14.0 h1:JU/U3O7N6fsAXj0+CXz21Czg532dW2V4gG1HE/e8Zrg=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.14.0/go.mod h1:imQvII+0ZylXfKU7/wtOND8Hn4OpT3YUoIgqJVksUkM=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log/logtest v0.14.0 h1:Ijbtz+JKXl8T2MngiwqBlPaHqc4YCaP/i13Qrow6gAM=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log/logtest v0.14.0/go.mod h1:dCU8aEL6q+L9cYTqcVOk8rM9Tp8WdnHOPLiBgp0SGOA=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.38.0 h1:aSH66iL0aZqo//xXzQLYozmWrXxyFkBJ6qT5wthqPoM=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.38.0/go.mod h1:dg9PBnW9XdQ1Hd6ZnRz689CbtrUp0wMMs9iPcgT9EZA=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0 h1:Fxk5bKrDZJUH+AMyyIXGcFAPah0oRcT+LuNtJrmcNLE=

From b9ed948d65cc39baf4706a8fd46bdab3ee80cf4c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Jo=C3=A3o=20Pedro=20Alves?= <joaopealves.dev@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Nov 2025 12:05:38 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 7/7] feat: improve OpenTelemetry error handling and
 configuration in main application

---
 backend/extensions/config/config.go            |  2 +-
 backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go      |  2 +-
 backend/gateways/http/handlers/urls_handler.go |  4 ++--
 backend/main.go                                | 13 +++++++++++--
 4 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backend/extensions/config/config.go b/backend/extensions/config/config.go
index 2a73f5b..08f5e68 100644
--- a/backend/extensions/config/config.go
+++ b/backend/extensions/config/config.go
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ import (
 
 type Config struct {
 	App    App
+	OTel   opentelemetry.Config
 	Logger logger.Config
 	Gocql  gocql.Config
 	Redis  redis.Config
-	OTel   opentelemetry.Config
 }
 
 type App struct {
diff --git a/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go b/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go
index 6e93858..f820a27 100644
--- a/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go
+++ b/backend/extensions/opentelemetry/setup.go
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func SetupOTelSDK(ctx context.Context, cfg *Config) (func(context.Context) error
 	otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
 	otel.SetMeterProvider(mp)
 
-	os.Stdout.Sync()
+	_ = os.Stdout.Sync()
 
 	Tracer = tp.Tracer(cfg.ServiceName)
 	Meter = mp.Meter(cfg.ServiceName)
diff --git a/backend/gateways/http/handlers/urls_handler.go b/backend/gateways/http/handlers/urls_handler.go
index 1d2fae3..076c8fa 100644
--- a/backend/gateways/http/handlers/urls_handler.go
+++ b/backend/gateways/http/handlers/urls_handler.go
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ func (h *URLsHandler) CreateURL(c *gin.Context) {
 	defer span.End()
 
 	var req CreateURLRequest
-	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
-		err = fmt.Errorf("failed to bind JSON: %w", err)
+	if bindErr := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); bindErr != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("failed to bind JSON: %w", bindErr)
 		span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, ErrorResponse{Error: err.Error()})
 		return
diff --git a/backend/main.go b/backend/main.go
index 02e33e8..7f9f2a8 100644
--- a/backend/main.go
+++ b/backend/main.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
@@ -33,7 +34,11 @@ func main() {
 	if err != nil {
 		appLogger.Fatal("Failed to setup OpenTelemetry", zap.Error(err))
 	}
-	defer shutdownOTel(ctx)
+	defer func() {
+		if err := shutdownOTel(ctx); err != nil {
+			appLogger.Error("Failed to shutdown OpenTelemetry", zap.Error(err))
+		}
+	}()
 
 	session := setupDatabase(cfg, appLogger)
 	defer session.Close()
@@ -56,7 +61,11 @@ func main() {
 }
 
 func setupOTelSDK(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config) (func(context.Context) error, error) {
-	return opentelemetry.SetupOTelSDK(ctx, &cfg.OTel)
+	shutdown, err := opentelemetry.SetupOTelSDK(ctx, &cfg.OTel)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to setup OpenTelemetry SDK: %w", err)
+	}
+	return shutdown, nil
 }
 
 func setupConfigAndLogger() (*config.Config, *zap.Logger) {