[DCL-98] Write one to two paragraphs about landing based delivery

[hatfield-c]

Write one to two paragraphs about existing landing based techniques. This has been the primary technique for the last decade, so there is a lot of material to pull from.

• To clarify: by "landing based" techniques, I'm referring to drones which land on the ground, release their package, and then take off again. In the paper I call this technique "zero impact delivery".

Include 3-5 references to sources, and include a list of links (and other info) to the sources after the paragraph.

Write the paragraph in this comment section, then it can be added when it passes QA.

[emilc-jpg]

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications in delivery employ different methods grouped mainly in two broad categories: zero impact landing as with landing the drone to a complete stop before releasing the parcel or kinetic delivery through releasing the parcel as the drone remains in motion.

Throughout the past decade, zero impact delivery has been the primary focus in parcel delivery methods, with businesses looking to autonomous drone delivery to evolve with increasing transportation and delivery demands [2]. Existing implementations of zero impact delivery within UAV research have consisted of landing on a natural scenario as with an open field or on a stationary landing platform. Landing in an open field with minimal obstacles remains a principal benchmark for UAV target sites as a foundation and basis for dynamic scenarios [1]. Alternatively, static landing pads are commonly utilized to direct precise UAV landing sites. Diverse stationary landing station designs may include markers or positioning mechanisms to aid computer vision and landing precision [4]. In recent examples, these landing sites have been extrapolated into instances where unmanned drones can automatically land on the palm of a user’s hand, using the human body as a platform with the assumption that the target is a fixed and level surface [3].

Zero impact delivery with open field landing can prove a complex task with many delivery applications. Dense population and obstacles such as buildings commonplace in urban metropolitan areas require greater accuracy and control from UAV navigation and landing [5]. To combat limitations in efficiency of the UAV landing problem, kinetic based parcel delivery implementations have seen a great surge in recent applications for small payloads.

References Dump:
[1] Vision-Based Autonomous Landing for the UAV: A Review
https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/9/11/634

• discusses autonomous landing vartiety in runway/platforms

[2] Drone Logistics and Transportation Market worth $16.1 billion by 2030 - Exclusive Report by MarketsandMarkets™
https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/drone-logistics-and-transportation-market-worth-16-1-billion-by-2030---exclusive-report-by-marketsandmarkets-302016393.html

• drone demand

[3] Understanding Drone Landing on the Human Body
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354869173_Understanding_Drone_Landing_on_the_Human_Body

• novel idea of using the drone landing on the human body as a platform

[4] UAV Positioning Mechanisms in Landing Stations: Classification and Engineering Design Review
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7374299/

[5] Drone-Aided Delivery Methods, Challenge, and the Future: A Methodological Review
https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/7/3/191

• Summarizes and reviews all recent topics in drone publications
• Great for discerning limitations, conclusions, and future research