loader.asm

;***************************************************************************
;*            loader.asm
;*
;*  Copyright  2008  Matthias v.d. Vlies
;*  matthias@mserver.nl
;****************************************************************************

;*
;*  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;*  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;*  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
;*  (at your option) any later version.
;*
;*  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;*  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;*  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;*  GNU General Public License for more details.
;*
;*  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;*  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
;*  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
;*

; This is the kernel's entry point. We could either call main here,
; or we can use this to setup the stack or other nice stuff, like
; perhaps setting up the GDT and segments. Please note that interrupts
; are disabled at this point
[BITS 32]
global start
start:
    mov esp, _sys_stack     ; This points the stack to our new stack area
    jmp stublet

; This part MUST be 4byte aligned, so we solve that issue using 'ALIGN 4'
ALIGN 4
mboot:
    ; Multiboot macros to make a few lines later more readable
    MULTIBOOT_PAGE_ALIGN	equ 1<<0
    MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_INFO	equ 1<<1
    MULTIBOOT_AOUT_KLUDGE	equ 1<<16
    MULTIBOOT_HEADER_MAGIC	equ 0x1BADB002
    MULTIBOOT_HEADER_FLAGS	equ MULTIBOOT_PAGE_ALIGN | MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_INFO | MULTIBOOT_AOUT_KLUDGE
    MULTIBOOT_CHECKSUM	equ -(MULTIBOOT_HEADER_MAGIC + MULTIBOOT_HEADER_FLAGS)
    EXTERN code, bss, end

    ; This is the GRUB Multiboot header. A boot signature
    dd MULTIBOOT_HEADER_MAGIC
    dd MULTIBOOT_HEADER_FLAGS
    dd MULTIBOOT_CHECKSUM
    
    ; AOUT kludge - must be physical addresses. Make a note of these:
    ; The linker script fills in the data for these ones!
    dd mboot
    dd code
    dd bss
    dd end
    dd start

; This is an endless loop here. Just call kernel()
stublet:
    extern kernel
    extern __cxa_finalize
    
    ; make sure we said pic to stfu
    cli
    
    push ebx						; push the multiboot info structure
    push eax						; push the magic number
    call kernel
    call __cxa_finalize
    jmp $
    
; This will set up our new segment registers. We need to do
; something special in order to set CS. We do what is called a
; far jump. A jump that includes a segment as well as an offset.
; This is declared in C as 'extern void gdt_flush();'
global gdt_flush
;extern _gp
gdt_flush:
    push ebp
    mov ebp, esp
    lgdt [ebp+8]
    pop ebp
    mov ax, 0x10
    mov ds, ax
    mov es, ax
    mov fs, ax
    mov gs, ax
    mov ss, ax
    hlt
    jmp 0x08:flush2
flush2:
    retn

;	push ebp
;	mov ebp, esp
;	mov eax, [ebp+8]
;	mov cr0,  eax
;	pop ebp
;	retn
    
; Loads the IDT defined in '_idtp' into the processor.
; This is declared in C as 'extern void idt_load();'
global _idt_load
;extern _idtp
_idt_load:
;    lidt [_idtp]
    ret

global _switch_to
_switch_to:
        push    ebp
        mov     ebp, esp
        call far [ss:ebp+4]
        pop     ebp
        ret
    
; In just a few pages in this tutorial, we will add our Interrupt
; Service Routines (ISRs) right here!
global _isr0
global _isr1
global _isr2
global _isr3
global _isr4
global _isr5
global _isr6
global _isr7
global _isr8
global _isr9
global _isr10
global _isr11
global _isr12
global _isr13
global _isr14
global _isr15
global _isr16
global _isr17
global _isr18
global _isr19
global _isr20
global _isr21
global _isr22
global _isr23
global _isr24
global _isr25
global _isr26
global _isr27
global _isr28
global _isr29
global _isr30
global _isr31

;  0: Divide By Zero Exception
_isr0:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 0
    jmp isr_common_stub

;  1: Debug Exception
_isr1:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 1
    jmp isr_common_stub

;  2: Non Maskable Interrupt Exception
_isr2:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 2
    jmp isr_common_stub

;  3: Int 3 Exception
_isr3:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 3
    jmp isr_common_stub

;  4: INTO Exception
_isr4:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 4
    jmp isr_common_stub

;  5: Out of Bounds Exception
_isr5:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 5
    jmp isr_common_stub

;  6: Invalid Opcode Exception
_isr6:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 6
    jmp isr_common_stub

;  7: Coprocessor Not Available Exception
_isr7:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 7
    jmp isr_common_stub

;  8: Double Fault Exception (With Error Code!)
_isr8:
    cli
    push byte 8
    jmp isr_common_stub

;  9: Coprocessor Segment Overrun Exception
_isr9:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 9
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 10: Bad TSS Exception (With Error Code!)
_isr10:
    cli
    push byte 10
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 11: Segment Not Present Exception (With Error Code!)
_isr11:
    cli
    push byte 11
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 12: Stack Fault Exception (With Error Code!)
_isr12:
    cli
    push byte 12
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 13: General Protection Fault Exception (With Error Code!)
_isr13:
    cli
    push byte 13
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 14: Page Fault Exception (With Error Code!)
_isr14:
    cli
    mov edx, cr2 ; move value of cr2 into edx
    push byte 14
    jmp page_fault_stub

; 15: Reserved Exception
_isr15:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 15
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 16: Floating Point Exception
_isr16:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 16
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 17: Alignment Check Exception
_isr17:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 17
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 18: Machine Check Exception
_isr18:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 18
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 19: Reserved
_isr19:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 19
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 20: Reserved
_isr20:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 20
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 21: Reserved
_isr21:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 21
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 22: Reserved
_isr22:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 22
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 23: Reserved
_isr23:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 23
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 24: Reserved
_isr24:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 24
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 25: Reserved
_isr25:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 25
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 26: Reserved
_isr26:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 26
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 27: Reserved
_isr27:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 27
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 28: Reserved
_isr28:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 28
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 29: Reserved
_isr29:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 29
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 30: Reserved
_isr30:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 30
    jmp isr_common_stub

; 31: Reserved
_isr31:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 31
    jmp isr_common_stub


; We call a C function in here. We need to let the assembler know
; that '_fault_handler' exists in another file
;extern _fault_handler

; This is our common ISR stub. It saves the processor state, sets
; up for kernel mode segments, calls the C-level fault handler,
; and finally restores the stack frame.
isr_common_stub:
    pusha
    push ds
    push es
    push fs
    push gs
    mov ax, 0x10
    mov ds, ax
    mov es, ax
    mov fs, ax
    mov gs, ax
    mov eax, esp
    push eax
;    mov eax, _fault_handler
    call eax
    pop eax
    pop gs
    pop fs
    pop es
    pop ds
    popa
    add esp, 8
    sti
    iret
    
;extern _page_fault_handler
    
; default stub for page faults
page_fault_stub:
    pusha
    push ds
    push es
    push fs
    push gs
    mov ax, 0x10
    mov ds, ax
    mov es, ax
    mov fs, ax
    mov gs, ax
    mov eax, esp
    push eax
;    mov eax, _page_fault_handler
    call eax
    pop eax
    pop gs
    pop fs
    pop es
    pop ds
    popa
    add esp, 8
    sti
    iret
    
global _irq0
global _irq1
global _irq2
global _irq3
global _irq4
global _irq5
global _irq6
global _irq7
global _irq8
global _irq9
global _irq10
global _irq11
global _irq12
global _irq13
global _irq14
global _irq15

;extern _irq_handler
;extern _schedule

;_irq0:
;	cld
;	cli
;	push eax
;	push ebx
;	push ecx
;	push edx
;	push es
;	push ds
;	mov eax, 0x10
;	mov ds, eax
;	mov es, eax
;	call _schedule
;	pop ds
;	pop es
;	pop edx
;	pop ecx
;	pop ebx
;	pop eax
;	sti
;	iret

;.p2align 3
;_irq_0:
;	cld 
;	cli
;	pushl %eax
;	pushl %ebx
;	pushl %ecx
;	pushl %edx
;	pushl %es
;;	pushl %ds
;	movl $(KERNEL_DS),%eax
;;	movl %eax,%ds
;	movl %eax,%es
;	pushl $0
;	call _irq_handler
;	popl %eax
;	popl %ds
;	popl %es
;	popl %edx
;	popl %ecx
;;	popl %ebx
;	popl %eax
;	sti
;	iret

tmp_stack: dd 0

; 32: IRQ0
_irq0:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 32
    jmp irq_common_stub
    ;cli
    ;cld
    ;pushad
    ;push ds
    ;push es
    ;push fs
    ;push gs

    ;mov [tmp_stack], esp ; save current stack value
    ;mov esp, _tss_stack ; move to new stack
    
    ;call _schedule
    
    ;mov esp, [tmp_stack]
    
    ;pop gs
    ;pop fs
    ;pop es
    ;pop ds
    ;popad
    
    ;mov al, 0x20
    ;out 0x20, al
    ;iretd

; 33: IRQ1
_irq1:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 33
    jmp irq_common_stub

; 34: IRQ2
_irq2:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 34
    jmp irq_common_stub

; 35: IRQ3
_irq3:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 35
    jmp irq_common_stub

; 36: IRQ4
_irq4:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 36
    jmp irq_common_stub

; 37: IRQ5
_irq5:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 37
    jmp irq_common_stub

; 38: IRQ6
_irq6:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 38
    jmp irq_common_stub

; 39: IRQ7
_irq7:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 39
    jmp irq_common_stub

; 40: IRQ8
_irq8:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 40
    jmp irq_common_stub

; 41: IRQ9
_irq9:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 41
    jmp irq_common_stub

; 42: IRQ10
_irq10:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 42
    jmp irq_common_stub

; 43: IRQ11
_irq11:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 43
    jmp irq_common_stub

; 44: IRQ12
_irq12:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 44
    jmp irq_common_stub

; 45: IRQ13
_irq13:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 45
    jmp irq_common_stub

; 46: IRQ14
_irq14:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 46
    jmp irq_common_stub

; 47: IRQ15
_irq15:
    cli
    push byte 0
    push byte 47
    jmp irq_common_stub

irq_common_stub:
    pusha
    push ds
    push es
    push fs
    push gs

    mov ax, 0x10
    mov ds, ax
    mov es, ax
    mov fs, ax
    mov gs, ax
    mov eax, esp

    push eax
;    mov eax, _irq_handler
    call eax
    pop eax

    pop gs
    pop fs
    pop es
    pop ds
    popa
    add esp, 8
    iret
    
[global _read_cr0]
_read_cr0:
	mov eax, cr0
	retn

[global _write_cr0]
_write_cr0:
	push ebp
	mov ebp, esp
	mov eax, [ebp+8]
	mov cr0,  eax
	pop ebp
	retn

[global _read_cr3]
_read_cr3:
	mov eax, cr3
	retn

[global _write_cr3]
_write_cr3:
	push ebp
	mov ebp, esp
	mov eax, [ebp+8]
	mov cr3, eax
	pop ebp
	retn

; Here is the definition of our BSS section. Right now, we'll use
; it just to store the stack. Remember that a stack actually grows
; downwards, so we declare the size of the data before declaring
; the identifier '_sys_stack'
SECTION .bss
    resb 4096               ; This reserves 4KBytes of memory here
[global _sys_stack]
_sys_stack:

	resb 4096
[global _tss_stack]
_tss_stack: