diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index e60bf14..6c964ed 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 *.user
 .build
+build
 .qmake.stash
 *.qm
+.cache/*
+.claude/*
 .vscode
 
 # AI
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 7184e0f..75aac59 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -31,9 +31,19 @@ set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -fstack-protector-all -fPIC")
 set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -fstack-protector-all -fPIE")
 set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -z relro -z now -z noexecstack -pie")
 
-set(QT_VERSION_MAJOR 6)
-if (${QT_VERSION_MAJOR} GREATER_EQUAL 6)
+# Qt 版本检测
+find_package(Qt6 QUIET)
+if(Qt6_FOUND)
+    message("Found Qt6.")
+
+    set(QT_VERSION_MAJOR 6)
     set(DTK_VERSION 6)
+else()
+    message("Found Qt5.")
+
+    set(QT_VERSION_MAJOR 5)
+    add_compile_definitions(NO_DBUS_CALLER_AUTH_CHECK)
+    message("NO_DBUS_CALLER_AUTH_CHECK is on.")
 endif()
 
 # 检查内存泄漏代码
diff --git a/application/CMakeLists.txt b/application/CMakeLists.txt
index 09f1f61..f5954a7 100644
--- a/application/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/application/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ endforeach()
 file(GLOB ALL_SOURCES "*.cpp" "./partedproxy/*.cpp" "./widgets/*.cpp" "./widgets/customcontrol/*.cpp" "./widgets/accessible/*.cpp")
 file(GLOB ALL_HEADERS "*.h" "./partedproxy/*.h" "./widgets/*.h" "./widgets/customcontrol/*.h" "./widgets/accessible/*.h")
 file (GLOB DTNG_TS_FILES translations/*.ts)
-qt_create_translation(DTNG_QM_FILES
-    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
-    ${DTNG_TS_FILES}
-     )
-
+if(Qt6_FOUND)
+    qt_create_translation(DTNG_QM_FILES ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR} ${DTNG_TS_FILES})
+else()
+    qt5_create_translation(DTNG_QM_FILES ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR} ${DTNG_TS_FILES})
+endif()
 
 include_directories(../basestruct)
 #link_directories(${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR})
diff --git a/application/widgets/customcontrol/waterloadingwidget.cpp b/application/widgets/customcontrol/waterloadingwidget.cpp
index 4a9c2a8..5cbb541 100644
--- a/application/widgets/customcontrol/waterloadingwidget.cpp
+++ b/application/widgets/customcontrol/waterloadingwidget.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #if QT_VERSION_MAJOR > 5
 #include <random>
 #endif
+#include <QDebug>
 
 WaterLoadingWidget::WaterLoadingWidget(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent)
 {
diff --git a/basestruct/deviceinfo.cpp b/basestruct/deviceinfo.cpp
index 6282ffd..98846f4 100644
--- a/basestruct/deviceinfo.cpp
+++ b/basestruct/deviceinfo.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #include "deviceinfo.h"
 #include <QDBusArgument>
+#include <QDebug>
 
 /*********************************** stCustest          *********************************************/
 QDBusArgument &operator<<(QDBusArgument &argument, const stCustest &stcus)
diff --git a/basestruct/utils.cpp b/basestruct/utils.cpp
index 4c9854f..03cfffe 100644
--- a/basestruct/utils.cpp
+++ b/basestruct/utils.cpp
@@ -510,8 +510,8 @@ int Utils::getMountedFileSystemUsage(const QString &mountpoint, Byte_Value &file
     int ret;
     ret = statvfs(mountpoint.toStdString().c_str(), &sfs);
     if (ret == 0) {
-        fileSystemSize = static_cast<Byte_Value>(sfs.f_blocks) * sfs.f_frsize;
-        fileSystemFree = static_cast<Byte_Value>(sfs.f_bfree) * sfs.f_bsize;
+        fileSystemSize = static_cast<Byte_Value>(sfs.f_blocks) * sfs.f_bsize;
+        fileSystemFree = static_cast<Byte_Value>(sfs.f_bavail) * sfs.f_bsize;
     } else {
         qWarning() << "Utils::getMountedFileSystemUsage - Failed for:" << mountpoint << "Error:" << errno;
         QString errorMessage("statvfs(\"%1\"):%2 "); // = "statvfs(\"" + mountpoint + "\"): " + Glib::strerror(errno) ;
diff --git a/debian/control b/debian/control
index 209d076..2994af7 100644
--- a/debian/control
+++ b/debian/control
@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@ Build-Depends:
  cmake,
  pkg-config,
  libc6-dev,
- qt6-tools-dev,
- qt6-base-dev,
+ qt6-tools-dev | qttools5-dev,
+ qt6-base-dev | qtbase5-dev,
  libx11-dev,
- libdtk6widget-dev,
- qt6-tools-dev-tools,
- qt6-base-private-dev,
+ libdtk6widget-dev | libdtkwidget-dev,
+ qt6-tools-dev-tools | qttools5-dev-tools,
+ qt6-base-private-dev | qtbase5-private-dev,
  libparted-dev,
  libparted-fs-resize0,
- libpolkit-qt6-1-dev,
+ libpolkit-qt6-1-dev | libpolkit-qt5-1-dev,
  libgtest-dev,
  libgmock-dev,
  deepin-gettext-tools
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Standards-Version: 4.1.3
 
 Package: deepin-diskmanager
 Architecture: any
-Depends: ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends}, smartmontools, exfat-fuse, pkexec
+Depends: ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends}, smartmontools, pkexec
 Description: Disk Utility is a disk management tool for creating, reorganizing and formatting partitions.
  Disk Utility is a disk management tool for disk.
 
diff --git a/debian/rules b/debian/rules
index f7c0261..2bd31a4 100755
--- a/debian/rules
+++ b/debian/rules
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/make -f
 
-export QT_SELECT=5
-
 include /usr/share/dpkg/default.mk
 
 override_dh_auto_configure:
diff --git a/log/log.cpp b/log/log.cpp
index 481eda2..004f376 100644
--- a/log/log.cpp
+++ b/log/log.cpp
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ void WriteVersion()
     QTextStream ts(&outFile);
     auto appName = QCoreApplication::applicationName();
     auto version = QCoreApplication::applicationVersion();
-    ts << appName << " " << version << Qt::endl;
+    ts << appName << " " << version << "\n";
     outFile.close();
     s_logMutex.unlock();
 }
@@ -154,6 +154,9 @@ void customLogMessageHandler(QtMsgType type, const QMessageLogContext &ctx, cons
     case QtDebugMsg:
         logInfo = QString("Debug:");
         break;
+    case QtInfoMsg:
+        logInfo = QString("Info:");
+        break;
     case QtWarningMsg:
         logInfo = QString("Warning:");
         break;
@@ -177,7 +180,7 @@ void customLogMessageHandler(QtMsgType type, const QMessageLogContext &ctx, cons
         return;
 
     QTextStream ts(&outFile);
-    ts << message.toUtf8() << Qt::endl;
+    ts << message.toUtf8() << "\n";
     outFile.close();
     s_logMutex.unlock();
 }
diff --git a/service/diskmanagerservice.cpp b/service/diskmanagerservice.cpp
index 0733c73..9a5bc1e 100644
--- a/service/diskmanagerservice.cpp
+++ b/service/diskmanagerservice.cpp
@@ -495,6 +495,10 @@ int DiskManagerService::test()
 
 bool DiskManagerService::checkAuthorization(void)
 {
+#ifdef NO_DBUS_CALLER_AUTH_CHECK
+    qDebug() << "Authorization check was skipped";
+    return true;
+#else
     QString actionId("com.deepin.pkexec.deepin-diskmanager");
     QString serviceName = message().service();
 
@@ -508,6 +512,7 @@ bool DiskManagerService::checkAuthorization(void)
         sendErrorReply(QDBusError::AccessDenied);
         return false;
     }
+#endif
 }
 
 } // namespace DiskManager
diff --git a/service/diskoperation/DeviceStorage.cpp b/service/diskoperation/DeviceStorage.cpp
index 8e21833..4ca62cc 100755
--- a/service/diskoperation/DeviceStorage.cpp
+++ b/service/diskoperation/DeviceStorage.cpp
@@ -649,6 +649,26 @@ void DeviceStorage::getDiskInfoModel(const QString &devicePath, QString &model)
         }
     }
 
+    cmd = "udevadm info " + devicePath;
+    exitcode = Utils::executCmd(cmd, outPut, error);
+    if (exitcode != 0) {
+        qDebug() << "Failed to execute udevadm command, error:" << error;
+        return;
+    }
+    QString key = "ID_MODEL=";
+    int start = outPut.indexOf(key);
+    if (start != -1) {
+        start += key.length(); // 移动到等号后面
+        int end = outPut.indexOf('\n', start); // 找到行尾
+        if (end == -1) end = outPut.length(); // 如果是最后一行
+        
+        model = outPut.mid(start, end - start).trimmed();
+        if (!model.isEmpty())
+            return;
+    }
+
+    qWarning() << "tried a lot but got nothing about model for" << devicePath;
+
     // 若未获取到型号名，返回未知
     qDebug() << "model not found, set to UnKnow";
     model = "UnKnow";
@@ -729,7 +749,13 @@ void DeviceStorage::getDiskInfoInterface(const QString &devicePath, QString &int
             QString spec_version = Utils::readContent("/sys/block/sdd/device/spec_version").trimmed();
             if (!spec_version.isEmpty()) {
                 qDebug() << "spec_version is not empty";
-                interface = (spec_version == "300") ? "UFS 3.0" : "UFS 3.1";
+                if (spec_version.contains("300")) {
+                    interface = "UFS 3.0";
+                } else if (spec_version.contains("310")) {
+                    interface = "UFS 3.1";
+                } else if (spec_version.contains("400")) {
+                    interface = "UFS 4.0";
+                }
             }
         }
         file.close();
diff --git a/service/diskoperation/filesystems/ext2.cpp b/service/diskoperation/filesystems/ext2.cpp
index a684add..c660611 100644
--- a/service/diskoperation/filesystems/ext2.cpp
+++ b/service/diskoperation/filesystems/ext2.cpp
@@ -137,73 +137,95 @@ FS EXT2::getFilesystemSupport()
 void EXT2::setUsedSectors(Partition &partition)
 {
     qDebug() << "Setting used sectors for ext2/3/4 partition:" << partition.getPath();
-    QString output, error, strmatch, strcmd;
-    m_blocksSize = m_numOfFreeOrUsedBlocks = m_totalNumOfBlock = -1;
+    QString output, error, strcmd;
     strcmd = QString("dumpe2fs -h %1").arg(partition.getPath());
+    
+    qDebug() << "Executing dumpe2fs command to get filesystem information";
     if (!Utils::executCmd(strcmd, output, error)) {
-        strmatch = ("Block count:");
+        long long blockCount = -1;
+        long long blockSize = -1;
+        long long freeBlocks = -1;
+        long long reservedBlocks = 0;
+        
+        // 获取总块数
+        QString strmatch = "Block count:";
         int index = output.indexOf(strmatch);
         if (index >= 0 && index < output.length()) {
-            qDebug() << "Found block count";
-            m_totalNumOfBlock = Utils::regexpLabel(output, QString("(?<=Block count:).*(?=\n)")).trimmed().toLong();
+            qDebug() << "Found block count information";
+            blockCount = Utils::regexpLabel(output, QString("(?<=Block count:).*(?=\n)")).trimmed().toLong();
         }
-//        qDebug() << output;
-//        qDebug() << output.mid(index, strmatch.length()).toLatin1() << m_totalNumOfBlock;
-        strmatch = ("Block size:");
+        
+        // 获取块大小
+        strmatch = "Block size:";
         index = output.indexOf(strmatch);
         if (index >= 0 && index < output.length()) {
-            qDebug() << "Found block size";
-            m_blocksSize = Utils::regexpLabel(output, QString("(?<=Block size:).*(?=\n)")).trimmed().toLong();
+            qDebug() << "Found block size information";
+            blockSize = Utils::regexpLabel(output, QString("(?<=Block size:).*(?=\n)")).trimmed().toLong();
         }
-//        qDebug() << output << output.mid(index, strmatch.length()).toLatin1() << m_blocksSize;
-
-        if (partition.m_busy) {
-            qDebug() << "Partition is busy, getting usage from mounted filesystem";
-            Byte_Value fs_all;
-            Byte_Value fs_free;
-            if (Utils::getMountedFileSystemUsage(partition.getMountPoint(), fs_all, fs_free) == 0) {
-                qDebug() << "Successfully got mounted filesystem usage";
-                partition.setSectorUsage(qRound64(fs_all / double(partition.m_sectorSize)), qRound64(fs_free / double(partition.m_sectorSize)));
-                partition.m_fsBlockSize = m_blocksSize;
-            }
-        } else {
-            qDebug() << "Partition is not busy, estimating minimum size";
-            // Resize2fs won't shrink a file system smaller than it's own
-            // estimated minimum size, so use that to derive the free space.
-            m_numOfFreeOrUsedBlocks = -1;
-            if (!Utils::executCmd(QString("resize2fs -P %1").arg(partition.getPath()), output, error)) {
-                qDebug() << "resize2fs -P successful";
-                if (sscanf(output.toLatin1(), "Estimated minimum size of the filesystem: %lld", &m_numOfFreeOrUsedBlocks) == 1
-                        || sscanf(output.toStdString().c_str(), "预计文件系统的最小尺寸：%lld", &m_numOfFreeOrUsedBlocks) == 1) {
-                    qDebug() << "Parsed estimated minimum size";
-                    m_numOfFreeOrUsedBlocks = m_totalNumOfBlock - m_numOfFreeOrUsedBlocks;
-                }
-            }
-            // Resize2fs can fail reporting please run fsck first.  Fall back
-            // to reading dumpe2fs output for free space.
-            if (m_numOfFreeOrUsedBlocks == -1) {
-                qDebug() << "resize2fs -P failed or did not provide minimum size, falling back to dumpe2fs";
-                strmatch = "Free blocks:";
-                index = output.indexOf(strmatch);
-                if (index < output.length()) {
-                    qDebug() << "Found free blocks in dumpe2fs output";
-                    sscanf(output.mid(index, strmatch.length()).toLatin1(), "Free blocks: %lld", &m_numOfFreeOrUsedBlocks);
+        
+        // 获取空闲块数
+        strmatch = "Free blocks:";
+        index = output.indexOf(strmatch);
+        if (index >= 0 && index < output.length()) {
+            qDebug() << "Found free blocks information";
+            freeBlocks = Utils::regexpLabel(output, QString("(?<=Free blocks:).*(?=\n)")).trimmed().toLong();
+        }
+        
+        // 获取保留块数
+        strmatch = "Reserved block count:";
+        index = output.indexOf(strmatch);
+        if (index >= 0 && index < output.length()) {
+            qDebug() << "Found reserved blocks information";
+            reservedBlocks = Utils::regexpLabel(output, QString("(?<=Reserved block count:).*(?=\n)")).trimmed().toLong();
+        }
+        
+        // 验证数据有效性并计算扇区使用情况
+        if (blockCount > 0 && blockSize > 0 && freeBlocks >= 0 && reservedBlocks >= 0) {
+            qDebug() << "Filesystem information validation successful, calculating sector usage";
+
+            // 计算用户实际可用的空闲块数：可用 = (freeBlocks - reservedBlocks)
+            long long userAvailableBlocks = (freeBlocks > reservedBlocks) ? (freeBlocks - reservedBlocks) : 0;
+            
+            // 转换为扇区数
+            Sector totalSectors = qRound64(blockCount * (blockSize / double(partition.m_sectorSize)));
+            Sector availableSectors = qRound64(userAvailableBlocks * (blockSize / double(partition.m_sectorSize)));
+            
+            qDebug() << "EXT* usage calculation: blockCount=" << blockCount
+                     << "blockSize=" << blockSize
+                     << "freeBlocks=" << freeBlocks
+                     << "reservedBlocks=" << reservedBlocks
+                     << "userAvailableBlocks=" << userAvailableBlocks
+                     << "totalSectors=" << totalSectors
+                     << "availableSectors=" << availableSectors;
+            
+            // 如果分区已挂载，使用 stat 获取更准确的可用块数
+            if (partition.m_busy && !partition.getMountPoints().empty()) {
+                qDebug() << "Partition is mounted, using stat for more accurate available space calculation";
+                Byte_Value statTotalSize, statAvailableSize;
+                if (Utils::getMountedFileSystemUsage(partition.getMountPoint(), statTotalSize, statAvailableSize) == 0) {
+                    // 使用 stat 获取的可用空间（已经排除了保留空间）
+                    Sector statAvailableSectors = qRound64(statAvailableSize / double(partition.m_sectorSize));
+                    qDebug() << "Using stat data for mounted partition: statAvailableSectors=" << statAvailableSectors;
+                    partition.setSectorUsage(totalSectors, statAvailableSectors);
+                    qDebug() << "Sector usage set successfully using stat data";
+                } else {
+                    qDebug() << "Failed to get mounted filesystem usage, using calculated available sectors";
+                    partition.setSectorUsage(totalSectors, availableSectors);
+                    qDebug() << "Sector usage set successfully using calculated data";
                 }
+            } else {
+                qDebug() << "Partition is not mounted, using calculated available sectors";
+                partition.setSectorUsage(totalSectors, availableSectors);
+                qDebug() << "Sector usage set successfully";
             }
-
-            if (m_totalNumOfBlock > -1 && m_numOfFreeOrUsedBlocks > -1 && m_blocksSize > -1) {
-                qDebug() << "Calculating and setting sector usage from block counts";
-                m_totalNumOfBlock = qRound64(m_totalNumOfBlock * (m_blocksSize / double(partition.m_sectorSize)));
-                m_numOfFreeOrUsedBlocks = qRound64(m_numOfFreeOrUsedBlocks * (m_blocksSize / double(partition.m_sectorSize)));
-                qDebug() << "111111111111111111111111" << m_totalNumOfBlock << m_numOfFreeOrUsedBlocks << m_blocksSize;
-                partition.setSectorUsage(m_totalNumOfBlock, m_numOfFreeOrUsedBlocks);
-                partition.m_fsBlockSize = m_blocksSize;
-            }
+            partition.m_fsBlockSize = blockSize;
+            qDebug() << "Filesystem block size set to:" << blockSize;
+        } else {
+            qDebug() << "Filesystem information validation failed, invalid parameters detected";
         }
-
-
     } else {
-        qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "dumpe2fs -h failed :" << output << error;
+        qDebug() << "dumpe2fs command execution failed, error:" << error;
+        qDebug() << "Failed to set used sectors for partition:" << partition.getPath();
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/service/diskoperation/partedcore.cpp b/service/diskoperation/partedcore.cpp
index 6d83256..94f99af 100644
--- a/service/diskoperation/partedcore.cpp
+++ b/service/diskoperation/partedcore.cpp
@@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ bool PartedCore::hidePartition()
     } else {
         qDebug() << "open file for write";
         QTextStream out(&file);
-        out << QString("ENV{ID_FS_UUID}==\"%1\", ENV{UDISKS_IGNORE}=\"1\"").arg(m_curpartition.m_uuid) << Qt::endl;
+        out << QString("ENV{ID_FS_UUID}==\"%1\", ENV{UDISKS_IGNORE}=\"1\"").arg(m_curpartition.m_uuid) << "\n";
     }
 
     // qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "Hide Partition end";
@@ -2283,7 +2283,7 @@ void PartedCore::onRefreshDeviceInfo(int type, bool arg1, QString arg2)
     if (m_workerThreadProbe == nullptr) {
         qDebug() << "m_workerThreadProbe is null, creating new thread";
         m_workerThreadProbe = new QThread();
-        qDebug() << "onRefresh Create thread: " << QThread::currentThreadId() << " ++++++++" << m_workerThreadProbe << Qt::endl;
+        qDebug() << "onRefresh Create thread: " << QThread::currentThreadId() << " ++++++++" << m_workerThreadProbe << "\n";
         qDebug() << "  ----------------------! 0 !--------------------- :" << m_probeThread.thread();
         m_probeThread.moveToThread(m_workerThreadProbe);
         m_workerThreadProbe->start();
diff --git a/service/diskoperation/supportedfilesystems.cpp b/service/diskoperation/supportedfilesystems.cpp
index 1d5b0bd..3684402 100644
--- a/service/diskoperation/supportedfilesystems.cpp
+++ b/service/diskoperation/supportedfilesystems.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ SupportedFileSystems::SupportedFileSystems()
     m_fsObjects[FS_EXT4] = new EXT2(FS_EXT4);
     //    m_fs_objects[FS_F2FS]            = new f2fs();
     //    m_fs_objects[FS_FAT16]           = new fat16(FS_FAT16);
-    m_fsObjects[FS_FAT32]           = new FAT16(FS_FAT32);
+    //    m_fsObjects[FS_FAT32]            = new FAT16(FS_FAT32);
     //    m_fs_objects[FS_HFS]             = new hfs();
     //    m_fs_objects[FS_HFSPLUS]         = new hfsplus();
     //    m_fs_objects[FS_JFS]             = new jfs();