I would like to create a process without any environment variables, but my conclusion after a study of the code is that it isn't possible.
The key comment in OSSUnixSubprocess>>#buildPrimitiveEnvArgument is "By default, if none variable was set, we add all the ones existing in parent". The only way to prevent this from happening is to set a variable explicitly via OSSUnixSubprocess>>#environmentAt:put:, meaning that I have at least one variable.