enhance retry logic for partition splits in execution context

[jayy-77]

Description

Please add an informative description that covers that changes made by the pull request and link all relevant issues.
#44451

If an SDK is being regenerated based on a new API spec, a link to the pull request containing these API spec changes should be included above.

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• Pull request includes test coverage for the included changes.

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Thank you for your contribution @jayy-77! We will review the pull request and get back to you soon.

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