Rust Enum Hw Done

Rust_Enum/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[package]
+name = "Rust_Enum"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+
+[dependencies]
+serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1.0"
+ureq = "2.9"
+image = "0.25"

Rust_Enum/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use std::error::Error;
+use std::io::Read; // required for read_to_end()
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum DogError {
+    Network(String),
+    Json(String),
+    ImageBytes(String),
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for DogError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{:?}", self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Error for DogError {}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct DogApiResponse {
+    message: String,
+    status: String,
+}
+
+fn get_random_dog_url() -> Result<String, DogError> {
+    let url = "https://dog.ceo/api/breeds/image/random";
+
+    let resp = ureq::get(url).call()
+        .map_err(|e| DogError::Network(e.to_string()))?;
+
+    // Use a reader
+    let reader = resp.into_reader();
+    let json: DogApiResponse = serde_json::from_reader(reader)
+        .map_err(|e| DogError::Json(e.to_string()))?;
+
+    Ok(json.message)
+}
+
+fn download_image(url: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, DogError> {
+    let resp = ureq::get(url).call()
+        .map_err(|e| DogError::Network(e.to_string()))?;
+
+    let mut reader = resp.into_reader();
+    let mut buf = Vec::new();
+    reader.read_to_end(&mut buf)
+        .map_err(|e| DogError::ImageBytes(e.to_string()))?;
+
+    Ok(buf)
+}
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    println!("Fetching random dog image URL...");
+
+    let dog_url = get_random_dog_url()?;
+    println!("Dog image URL: {}", dog_url);
+
+    println!("Downloading image bytes...");
+    let bytes = download_image(&dog_url)?;
+    println!("Downloaded {} bytes", bytes.len());
+
+    Ok(())
+}

Rust_Enum/target/.rustc_info.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"rustc_fingerprint":3087243518391675650,"outputs":{"17747080675513052775":{"success":true,"status":"","code":0,"stdout":"rustc 1.92.0 (ded5c06cf 2025-12-08)\nbinary: rustc\ncommit-hash: ded5c06cf21d2b93bffd5d884aa6e96934ee4234\ncommit-date: 2025-12-08\nhost: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu\nrelease: 1.92.0\nLLVM version: 21.1.3\n","stderr":""},"7971740275564407648":{"success":true,"status":"","code":0,"stdout":"___\nlib___.rlib\nlib___.so\nlib___.so\nlib___.a\nlib___.so\n/home/codespace/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu\noff\npacked\nunpacked\n___\ndebug_assertions\npanic=\"unwind\"\nproc_macro\ntarget_abi=\"\"\ntarget_arch=\"x86_64\"\ntarget_endian=\"little\"\ntarget_env=\"gnu\"\ntarget_family=\"unix\"\ntarget_feature=\"fxsr\"\ntarget_feature=\"sse\"\ntarget_feature=\"sse2\"\ntarget_has_atomic=\"16\"\ntarget_has_atomic=\"32\"\ntarget_has_atomic=\"64\"\ntarget_has_atomic=\"8\"\ntarget_has_atomic=\"ptr\"\ntarget_os=\"linux\"\ntarget_pointer_width=\"64\"\ntarget_vendor=\"unknown\"\nunix\n","stderr":""}},"successes":{}}

Rust_Enum/target/CACHEDIR.TAG

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55
+# This file is a cache directory tag created by cargo.
+# For information about cache directory tags see https://bford.info/cachedir/

Rust_Enum/target/debug/.fingerprint/Rust_Enum-33103e4b4f1dc591/invoked.timestamp

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+This file has an mtime of when this was started.

Rust_Enum/target/debug/.fingerprint/Rust_Enum-33103e4b4f1dc591/output-bin-Rust_Enum

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{"$message_type":"diagnostic","message":"no method named `into_json` found for struct `Response<T>` in the current scope","code":{"code":"E0599","explanation":"This error occurs when a method is used on a type which doesn't implement it:\n\nErroneous code example:\n\n```compile_fail,E0599\nstruct Mouth;\n\nlet x = Mouth;\nx.chocolate(); // error: no method named `chocolate` found for type `Mouth`\n               //        in the current scope\n```\n\nIn this case, you need to implement the `chocolate` method to fix the error:\n\n```\nstruct Mouth;\n\nimpl Mouth {\n    fn chocolate(&self) { // We implement the `chocolate` method here.\n        println!(\"Hmmm! I love chocolate!\");\n    }\n}\n\nlet x = Mouth;\nx.chocolate(); // ok!\n```\n"},"level":"error","spans":[{"file_name":"src/main.rs","byte_start":646,"byte_end":655,"line_start":31,"line_end":31,"column_start":10,"column_end":19,"is_primary":true,"text":[{"text":"    resp.into_json::<DogImage>()","highlight_start":10,"highlight_end":19}],"label":"method not found in `Response<Body>`","suggested_replacement":null,"suggestion_applicability":null,"expansion":null}],"children":[],"rendered":"\u001b[1m\u001b[91merror[E0599]\u001b[0m\u001b[1m: no method named `into_json` found for struct `Response<T>` in the current scope\u001b[0m\n  \u001b[1m\u001b[94m--> \u001b[0msrc/main.rs:31:10\n   \u001b[1m\u001b[94m|\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1m\u001b[94m31\u001b[0m \u001b[1m\u001b[94m|\u001b[0m     resp.into_json::<DogImage>()\n   \u001b[1m\u001b[94m|\u001b[0m          \u001b[1m\u001b[91m^^^^^^^^^\u001b[0m \u001b[1m\u001b[91mmethod not found in `Response<Body>`\u001b[0m\n\n"}
+{"$message_type":"diagnostic","message":"type annotations needed","code":{"code":"E0282","explanation":"The compiler could not infer a type and asked for a type annotation.\n\nErroneous code example:\n\n```compile_fail,E0282\nlet x = Vec::new();\n```\n\nThis error indicates that type inference did not result in one unique possible\ntype, and extra information is required. In most cases this can be provided\nby adding a type annotation. Sometimes you need to specify a generic type\nparameter manually.\n\nIn the example above, type `Vec` has a type parameter `T`. When calling\n`Vec::new`, barring any other later usage of the variable `x` that allows the\ncompiler to infer what type `T` is, the compiler needs to be told what it is.\n\nThe type can be specified on the variable:\n\n```\nlet x: Vec<i32> = Vec::new();\n```\n\nThe type can also be specified in the path of the expression:\n\n```\nlet x = Vec::<i32>::new();\n```\n\nIn cases with more complex types, it is not necessary to annotate the full\ntype. Once the ambiguity is resolved, the compiler can infer the rest:\n\n```\nlet x: Vec<_> = \"hello\".chars().rev().collect();\n```\n\nAnother way to provide the compiler with enough information, is to specify the\ngeneric type parameter:\n\n```\nlet x = \"hello\".chars().rev().collect::<Vec<char>>();\n```\n\nAgain, you need not specify the full type if the compiler can infer it:\n\n```\nlet x = \"hello\".chars().rev().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n```\n\nApart from a method or function with a generic type parameter, this error can\noccur when a type parameter of a struct or trait cannot be inferred. In that\ncase it is not always possible to use a type annotation, because all candidates\nhave the same return type. For instance:\n\n```compile_fail,E0282\nstruct Foo<T> {\n    num: T,\n}\n\nimpl<T> Foo<T> {\n    fn bar() -> i32 {\n        0\n    }\n\n    fn baz() {\n        let number = Foo::bar();\n    }\n}\n```\n\nThis will fail because the compiler does not know which instance of `Foo` to\ncall `bar` on. Change `Foo::bar()` to `Foo::<T>::bar()` to resolve the error.\n"},"level":"error","spans":[{"file_name":"src/main.rs","byte_start":706,"byte_end":707,"line_start":32,"line_end":32,"column_start":37,"column_end":38,"is_primary":false,"text":[{"text":"        .map_err(|e| DogError::Json(e.to_string()))","highlight_start":37,"highlight_end":38}],"label":"type must be known at this point","suggested_replacement":null,"suggestion_applicability":null,"expansion":null},{"file_name":"src/main.rs","byte_start":688,"byte_end":689,"line_start":32,"line_end":32,"column_start":19,"column_end":20,"is_primary":true,"text":[{"text":"        .map_err(|e| DogError::Json(e.to_string()))","highlight_start":19,"highlight_end":20}],"label":null,"suggested_replacement":null,"suggestion_applicability":null,"expansion":null}],"children":[{"message":"consider giving this closure parameter an explicit type","code":null,"level":"help","spans":[{"file_name":"src/main.rs","byte_start":689,"byte_end":689,"line_start":32,"line_end":32,"column_start":20,"column_end":20,"is_primary":true,"text":[{"text":"        .map_err(|e| DogError::Json(e.to_string()))","highlight_start":20,"highlight_end":20}],"label":null,"suggested_replacement":": /* Type */","suggestion_applicability":"HasPlaceholders","expansion":null}],"children":[],"rendered":null}],"rendered":"\u001b[1m\u001b[91merror[E0282]\u001b[0m\u001b[1m: type annotations needed\u001b[0m\n  \u001b[1m\u001b[94m--> \u001b[0msrc/main.rs:32:19\n   \u001b[1m\u001b[94m|\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1m\u001b[94m32\u001b[0m \u001b[1m\u001b[94m|\u001b[0m         .map_err(|e| DogError::Json(e.to_string()))\n   \u001b[1m\u001b[94m|\u001b[0m                   \u001b[1m\u001b[91m^\u001b[0m                 \u001b[1m\u001b[94m-\u001b[0m \u001b[1m\u001b[94mtype must be known at this point\u001b[0m\n   \u001b[1m\u001b[94m|\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1m\u001b[96mhelp\u001b[0m: consider giving this closure parameter an explicit type\n   \u001b[1m\u001b[94m|\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1m\u001b[94m32\u001b[0m \u001b[1m\u001b[94m| \u001b[0m        .map_err(|e\u001b[92m: /* Type */\u001b[0m| DogError::Json(e.to_string()))\n   \u001b[1m\u001b[94m|\u001b[0m                    \u001b[92m++++++++++++\u001b[0m\n\n"}
+{"$message_type":"diagnostic","message":"no method named `into_bytes` found for struct `Response<T>` in the current scope","code":{"code":"E0599","explanation":"This error occurs when a method is used on a type which doesn't implement it:\n\nErroneous code example:\n\n```compile_fail,E0599\nstruct Mouth;\n\nlet x = Mouth;\nx.chocolate(); // error: no method named `chocolate` found for type `Mouth`\n               //        in the current scope\n```\n\nIn this case, you need to implement the `chocolate` method to fix the error:\n\n```\nstruct Mouth;\n\nimpl Mouth {\n    fn chocolate(&self) { // We implement the `chocolate` method here.\n        println!(\"Hmmm! I love chocolate!\");\n    }\n}\n\nlet x = Mouth;\nx.chocolate(); // ok!\n```\n"},"level":"error","spans":[{"file_name":"src/main.rs","byte_start":1020,"byte_end":1030,"line_start":43,"line_end":43,"column_start":22,"column_end":32,"is_primary":true,"text":[{"text":"    let bytes = resp.into_bytes()","highlight_start":22,"highlight_end":32}],"label":"method not found in `Response<Body>`","suggested_replacement":null,"suggestion_applicability":null,"expansion":null}],"children":[],"rendered":"\u001b[1m\u001b[91merror[E0599]\u001b[0m\u001b[1m: no method named `into_bytes` found for struct `Response<T>` in the current scope\u001b[0m\n  \u001b[1m\u001b[94m--> \u001b[0msrc/main.rs:43:22\n   \u001b[1m\u001b[94m|\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1m\u001b[94m43\u001b[0m \u001b[1m\u001b[94m|\u001b[0m     let bytes = resp.into_bytes()\n   \u001b[1m\u001b[94m|\u001b[0m                      \u001b[1m\u001b[91m^^^^^^^^^^\u001b[0m \u001b[1m\u001b[91mmethod not found in `Response<Body>`\u001b[0m\n\n"}
+{"$message_type":"diagnostic","message":"type annotations needed","code":{"code":"E0282","explanation":"The compiler could not infer a type and asked for a type annotation.\n\nErroneous code example:\n\n```compile_fail,E0282\nlet x = Vec::new();\n```\n\nThis error indicates that type inference did not result in one unique possible\ntype, and extra information is required. In most cases this can be provided\nby adding a type annotation. Sometimes you need to specify a generic type\nparameter manually.\n\nIn the example above, type `Vec` has a type parameter `T`. When calling\n`Vec::new`, barring any other later usage of the variable `x` that allows the\ncompiler to infer what type `T` is, the compiler needs to be told what it is.\n\nThe type can be specified on the variable:\n\n```\nlet x: Vec<i32> = Vec::new();\n```\n\nThe type can also be specified in the path of the expression:\n\n```\nlet x = Vec::<i32>::new();\n```\n\nIn cases with more complex types, it is not necessary to annotate the full\ntype. Once the ambiguity is resolved, the compiler can infer the rest:\n\n```\nlet x: Vec<_> = \"hello\".chars().rev().collect();\n```\n\nAnother way to provide the compiler with enough information, is to specify the\ngeneric type parameter:\n\n```\nlet x = \"hello\".chars().rev().collect::<Vec<char>>();\n```\n\nAgain, you need not specify the full type if the compiler can infer it:\n\n```\nlet x = \"hello\".chars().rev().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n```\n\nApart from a method or function with a generic type parameter, this error can\noccur when a type parameter of a struct or trait cannot be inferred. In that\ncase it is not always possible to use a type annotation, because all candidates\nhave the same return type. For instance:\n\n```compile_fail,E0282\nstruct Foo<T> {\n    num: T,\n}\n\nimpl<T> Foo<T> {\n    fn bar() -> i32 {\n        0\n    }\n\n    fn baz() {\n        let number = Foo::bar();\n    }\n}\n```\n\nThis will fail because the compiler does not know which instance of `Foo` to\ncall `bar` on. Change `Foo::bar()` to `Foo::<T>::bar()` to resolve the error.\n"},"level":"error","spans":[{"file_name":"src/main.rs","byte_start":1075,"byte_end":1076,"line_start":44,"line_end":44,"column_start":43,"column_end":44,"is_primary":false,"text":[{"text":"        .map_err(|e| DogError::ImageBytes(e.to_string()))?;","highlight_start":43,"highlight_end":44}],"label":"type must be known at this point","suggested_replacement":null,"suggestion_applicability":null,"expansion":null},{"file_name":"src/main.rs","byte_start":1051,"byte_end":1052,"line_start":44,"line_end":44,"column_start":19,"column_end":20,"is_primary":true,"text":[{"text":"        .map_err(|e| DogError::ImageBytes(e.to_string()))?;","highlight_start":19,"highlight_end":20}],"label":null,"suggested_replacement":null,"suggestion_applicability":null,"expansion":null}],"children":[{"message":"consider giving this closure parameter an explicit type","code":null,"level":"help","spans":[{"file_name":"src/main.rs","byte_start":1052,"byte_end":1052,"line_start":44,"line_end":44,"column_start":20,"column_end":20,"is_primary":true,"text":[{"text":"        .map_err(|e| DogError::ImageBytes(e.to_string()))?;","highlight_start":20,"highlight_end":20}],"label":null,"suggested_replacement":": /* Type */","suggestion_applicability":"HasPlaceholders","expansion":null}],"children":[],"rendered":null}],"rendered":"\u001b[1m\u001b[91merror[E0282]\u001b[0m\u001b[1m: type annotations needed\u001b[0m\n  \u001b[1m\u001b[94m--> \u001b[0msrc/main.rs:44:19\n   \u001b[1m\u001b[94m|\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1m\u001b[94m44\u001b[0m \u001b[1m\u001b[94m|\u001b[0m         .map_err(|e| DogError::ImageBytes(e.to_string()))?;\n   \u001b[1m\u001b[94m|\u001b[0m                   \u001b[1m\u001b[91m^\u001b[0m                       \u001b[1m\u001b[94m-\u001b[0m \u001b[1m\u001b[94mtype must be known at this point\u001b[0m\n   \u001b[1m\u001b[94m|\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1m\u001b[96mhelp\u001b[0m: consider giving this closure parameter an explicit type\n   \u001b[1m\u001b[94m|\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1m\u001b[94m44\u001b[0m \u001b[1m\u001b[94m| \u001b[0m        .map_err(|e\u001b[92m: /* Type */\u001b[0m| DogError::ImageBytes(e.to_string()))?;\n   \u001b[1m\u001b[94m|\u001b[0m                    \u001b[92m++++++++++++\u001b[0m\n\n"}
+{"$message_type":"diagnostic","message":"aborting due to 4 previous errors","code":null,"level":"error","spans":[],"children":[],"rendered":"\u001b[1m\u001b[91merror\u001b[0m\u001b[1m: aborting due to 4 previous errors\u001b[0m\n\n"}
+{"$message_type":"diagnostic","message":"Some errors have detailed explanations: E0282, E0599.","code":null,"level":"failure-note","spans":[],"children":[],"rendered":"\u001b[1mSome errors have detailed explanations: E0282, E0599.\u001b[0m\n"}
+{"$message_type":"diagnostic","message":"For more information about an error, try `rustc --explain E0282`.","code":null,"level":"failure-note","spans":[],"children":[],"rendered":"\u001b[1mFor more information about an error, try `rustc --explain E0282`.\u001b[0m\n"}

Rust_Enum/target/debug/.fingerprint/Rust_Enum-dba843948126e3bc/bin-Rust_Enum

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+a7d6ed38d601e81f

Rust_Enum/target/debug/.fingerprint/Rust_Enum-dba843948126e3bc/bin-Rust_Enum.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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Rust_Enum/target/debug/.fingerprint/Rust_Enum-dba843948126e3bc/invoked.timestamp

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+This file has an mtime of when this was started.