Topic Covered :- HTML
Description :- Build a simple blog webpage that includes essential HTML elements like headings, paragraphs, unordered and ordered lists, links, and images. The page should start with a DOCTYPE declaration and include the , , and tags
Skills Covered :- HTML structure and embedding media.
Topic Covered: HTML
Description: Create a "Contact Us" form that includes input fields for name, email, phone number, and a message. The form should have a submit button, and the fields should have basic validation, such as ensuring the name, email, and phone number fields are required before submission. Use appropriate input types and attributes for each field to ensure the form is user-friendly and accessible.
Skills Covered: Form creation, input elements, form validation, attributes.
Topic Covered: CSS.
Description: Style the blog page created in Project Exercise 1 by applying CSS. Add background colors to sections, set text colors, and choose appropriate fonts. Use CSS properties to adjust text sizes, line heights, and font styles. Implement padding and margins to create spacing between elements, ensuring the layout is visually appealing and easy to read. Utilize CSS selectors and the box model to enhance the overall presentation of the page.
Skills Covered: CSS styling, applying selectors, text formatting, using padding/margins, and understanding the box model for layout control.
Topic Covered: HTML, CSS
Description: Design a two-column webpage layout using Flexbox. The page should include a header at the top, a sidebar on the left with a list of links, and a main content area on the right. The sidebar should be narrow, and the main content area should take up the remaining space.
Skills Covered: Flexbox for layout management, creating a two-column structure, CSS positioning
Topic Covered: HTML, CSS
Description: Enhance the "Contact Us" form created in Project Exercise 2 by applying CSS for better styling. Add hover effects to the submit button to improve user interaction, change the borders of input fields when they are focused, and refine the overall form layout with proper spacing and alignment. Use properties like border-radius for rounded corners, padding for inner spacing, and pseudo-classes like :hover and :focus for interactivity.
Skills Covered: Advanced form styling, pseudo-classes (:hover, :focus), border-radius for rounded corners, and using padding to improve form aesthetics.
Topic Covered: HTML, CSS
Description: Design a responsive photo gallery using CSS Grid. The gallery should display images of varying sizes in a grid layout, where the number of columns adjusts based on the screen size. Use media queries to ensure the layout is responsive and looks great on different devices, such as desktops, tablets, and mobiles. The gallery should adapt to different screen widths, adjusting the grid to display images in an optimal manner.
Skills Covered: CSS Grid for layout management, media queries for responsiveness, and creating flexible, adaptive designs.
Topic Covered: JavaScript
Description: Write a JavaScript script that changes the background color of the webpage when a button is clicked. The button should trigger a function that alters the background-color of the webpage. Use DOM manipulation to select the button element and apply an event listener for the click event.
Skills Covered: Basic JavaScript syntax, functions, event handling, and DOM manipulation.
Topic Covered: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, DOM
Description: Create a webpage with an unordered list and a button. When the button is clicked, use JavaScript to dynamically add new list items to the unordered list. The script should create a new list item element and append it to the list each time the button is clicked. Style the list and button using CSS for better presentation. Focus on DOM manipulation techniques like document.createElement() and appendChild() to achieve this functionality.
Skills Covered: DOM manipulation, document.createElement(), appendChild(), event listeners, and DOM traversal for interacting with elements.
Topic Covered: HTML, CSS, JavaScript
Description: Build a simple calculator using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The calculator should have buttons for numbers (0-9), basic operators (+, -, *, /), and a display area to show the input and result. Use JavaScript to handle button clicks, perform calculations, and update the display. Style the calculator using CSS for a clean, user-friendly interface.
Skills Covered: Creating forms and buttons, handling user input with JavaScript, basic arithmetic operations, DOM manipulation, and CSS styling for layout and responsiveness.
Topic Covered: JavaScript, HTML
Description: Create a form that includes fields for name, email, and password. Write a JavaScript function to validate the form before submission. Ensure that the name field is not empty, the email follows a valid email format, and the password meets certain criteria (e.g., minimum length). If the validation fails, display an error message next to the respective field and prevent the form from being submitted. Style the form and error messages for clarity.
Skills Covered: JavaScript form validation, regular expressions for email validation, handling form events, DOM manipulation, and displaying dynamic error messages.
Topic Covered: JavaScript, DOM
Description: Build a simple to-do list application where users can add new tasks, mark them as complete, and remove tasks. Use JavaScript event listeners to handle interactions such as adding tasks when the user submits input, toggling task completion when clicked, and deleting tasks when a remove button is clicked. Dynamically update the DOM based on user actions to reflect the changes in the to-do list.
Skills Covered: Event listeners, dynamic DOM manipulation, user interaction, and managing UI updates based on actions.
Topic Covered: CSS. javascript ( optional )
Description: Create a button that animates when clicked. Use CSS transitions to make the button grow when hovered over and shrink when clicked, providing smooth effects. Implement the animation using @keyframes and transition properties such as transform and scale. Ensure the animation is smooth and feels interactive for the user, with appropriate timing and easing functions.
Skills Covered: CSS transitions, animations with @keyframes, transition properties like transform and scale, and smooth interactive effects.
Topic Covered: JavaScript.
Description: Create a JavaScript object representing a car with properties such as make, model, and year. Display these properties dynamically in the browser by using document.write() or manipulating the DOM. Additionally, log the object to the console to showcase how to access and display object properties.
Skills Covered: Working with JavaScript objects, understanding properties, methods, and how to log information to the console and display it on the web page.
Topic Covered: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, DOM
Description: Create a simple interactive quiz app that presents multiple-choice questions to the user. The user selects answers and submits the quiz. After submission, display the total score based on correct answers. Use JavaScript to handle user interactions, such as selecting answers and calculating the score. Manipulate the DOM to dynamically update the question and show the final score after submission.
Skills Covered: DOM manipulation, event handling, JavaScript functions, conditionals for checking answers, and updating content dynamically.
Topic Covered: HTML, CSS
Description: Design a responsive navigation bar that displays horizontal links on larger screens. When the screen size is reduced (e.g., mobile view), the navbar should transform into a hamburger menu. Use media queries to make the navbar responsive and flexbox for layout management. Ensure the hamburger menu is clickable, and when clicked, it displays the navigation links in a dropdown or slide-in style.
Skills Covered: Media queries for responsiveness, flexbox for layout, positioning for menu items, and implementing responsive design techniques.
Topic Covered: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, DOM.
Description: Build an image slider that automatically cycles through a series of images every few seconds. Add next and previous buttons that allow users to manually navigate between images. Use JavaScript intervals to control the automatic image transition, and implement event listeners for the next/previous buttons. Apply CSS transitions for smooth image sliding effects. The slider should be responsive, adjusting to different screen sizes.
Skills Covered: JavaScript intervals for automatic transitions, event listeners for navigation buttons, DOM manipulation for dynamic updates, and CSS transitions for smooth animations.
Topic Covered: JavaScript, DOM
Description: Create a countdown timer that starts from a specified time (e.g., 10 minutes) and counts down to zero. The timer should update every second and display the remaining time on the webpage. When the timer reaches zero, an alert should appear notifying the user that time is up. Use setInterval() to update the timer every second and clearInterval() to stop the countdown when it reaches zero.
Skills Covered: setInterval() for periodic updates, clearInterval() for stopping the timer, time manipulation, and updating the DOM to display the countdown.
Topic Covered: HTML, CSS, JavaScript
Description: Create a custom modal popup that appears when a button is clicked. The modal should display a message or content and include a "close" button that hides the modal when clicked. Use JavaScript for event handling, such as showing the modal when the button is clicked and hiding it when the close button is clicked. Style the modal using CSS to ensure it is positioned correctly on the screen and is initially hidden.
Skills Covered: DOM manipulation for showing and hiding the modal, event handling for button clicks, CSS positioning for the modal, and controlling visibility with CSS and JavaScript.
Topic Covered: HTML, CSS, JavaScript
Description: Build a to-do list application that allows users to add, delete, and mark tasks as completed. The tasks should be stored in the browser's local storage, ensuring they persist even after the page is reloaded. Use JavaScript to handle the creation and deletion of tasks, update the DOM accordingly, and utilize the localStorage API to save tasks. When the page is refreshed, the tasks should be reloaded from local storage and displayed.
Skills Covered: Using localStorage for persistent data storage, DOM manipulation to dynamically update the task list, and handling user input with event listeners.
Topic Covered: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, DOM
Description: Build a weather app that fetches real-time weather data from a public API (such as OpenWeatherMap) and displays it in a user-friendly interface. The app should allow users to search for the weather by city name. Use the Fetch API to request data, handle the JSON response, and update the DOM with the weather information (e.g., temperature, humidity, and conditions). Include error handling for invalid city names or network issues.
Skills Covered: Using the Fetch API to retrieve data, handling JSON responses, DOM manipulation to display the weather data, and implementing error handling for API requests.
Topic Covered: React
Description: Set up a React development environment using Create React App or Vite. Build your first app that displays “Hello, React!” and learn about JSX by modifying the greeting message. Explore the Real DOM vs. Virtual DOM, install an additional package (e.g., react-icons), and understand the folder structure of a React project.
Skills Covered: React setup, JSX syntax, Virtual DOM vs. Real DOM, NPM package usage, React project folder structure.
Topic Covered: React, CSS, TailwindCSS, Animation
Description: Create a movie card component in React that displays movie information such as title, image, description, and rating. Style the card using inline styles and CSS modules. Integrate TailwindCSS to style elements like buttons and headers, and apply responsive design with media queries. Use conditional styling based on the movie's rating (e.g., change color or style for high vs. low ratings). Add an animated hover effect to the movie card using Framer Motion or GSAP for enhanced interactivity.
Skills Covered: Inline styles, CSS modules, TailwindCSS, conditional styling, media queries, responsive design, animations with Framer Motion/GSAP.
Topic Covered: React, State, Props
Description: Create a functional component that receives data via props and displays it. Use the useState hook to manage and update the component's state dynamically. Render a list of movies or items using the map() method and allow for updates to the list through state changes. Create parameterized components that accept dynamic props, and implement event handling for interactions like button clicks or form submissions.
Skills Covered: State management with useState, passing data via props, rendering dynamic lists with map(), parameterized components, event handling in React.
Topic Covered: React, Component Lifecycle, Hooks
Description: Build a memory game app using React where users match pairs of cards. Start by creating a class component and implement the componentDidMount method to initialize the game state. Then, refactor the component into a functional one and use the useEffect hook to handle side effects like shuffling the cards or checking for matches. Implement the mounting, updating, and unmounting of components when the game starts, and use useContext to share the game state (e.g., score, matched cards) across the app.
Skills Covered: Component lifecycle, componentDidMount, useEffect hook, managing side effects, useContext for global state management, building interactive memory game logic.
Topic Covered: React, useState, useEffect, useContext, useMemo, useCallback, useRef, Custom Hooks.
Description: Build a contact card app where users can enter contact details (name, phone number, email) into a form. When the user submits the form, the contact is added to a list and displayed on the screen. Use useState to manage the form inputs, useContext to share the list of contacts globally, and useEffect to manage any side effects (e.g., resetting the form after submission). Optimize performance with useMemo and useCallback. Use useRef to focus on the name input field when the form is loaded. Create a custom hook to manage form validation or fetch data if required.
Skills Covered: useState, useEffect, useContext, useMemo, useCallback, useRef, creating custom hooks, managing global state with context, form handling, and dynamic list rendering.
Topic Covered: React Router, Routing, useNavigate, LocalStorage.
Description: Build a multi-page website with React Router that includes pages for Register, Login, and Home. Set up react-router-dom to navigate between these pages. Use a navigation bar (Navbar) for easy navigation. In the Register and Login pages, create forms for users to input their data, and validate the form data before submission. If the form data is correct, store the user's information in localStorage for authentication and navigate to the Home page. Implement basic form validation (e.g., check for valid email or password). Use useNavigate for programmatic navigation and handle conditional rendering based on whether the user is authenticated.
Skills Covered: React Router setup, for navigation, useNavigate for programmatic navigation, form validation, localStorage for authentication, creating and handling dynamic routes, conditional rendering based on authentication state.
Topic Covered: Redux, React-Redux, Redux Toolkit, Redux Thunk, State Management.
Description: Build a money management application using Redux for state management. The app should allow users to perform credit and debit actions and maintain a transaction history with details such as time, date, and transaction type (credit/debit). Implement Redux in the app, creating a store, actions, and reducers to handle the credit and debit functionalities. Use react-redux to connect the Redux store to your React components. Optimize the Redux logic with Redux Toolkit for more efficient state management. Additionally, implement async actions using Redux Thunk to handle time-dependent actions (e.g., saving transaction details to an external database).
Skills Covered: Redux state management, react-redux for connecting components to the store, Redux actions, reducers, Redux Toolkit for simplified logic, async actions with Redux Thunk, transaction history management.
Topic Covered: React, Dynamic Forms, Validation, axios, Fetch API
Description: Build a dynamic login form in React with fields for email and password. Implement two-way data binding using React's useState for the form inputs. Validate the inputs on the client side (e.g., check for a valid email format and ensure the password is not empty). On form submission, use axios or fetch to send the form data to a mock API endpoint. Display user feedback such as loading, success, or error based on the response from the mock API.
Skills Covered: Two-way binding, client-side form validation, form submission with axios or fetch, managing form state with useState, displaying feedback (loading, success, error).
Topic Covered: React Performance, Code Splitting, Memoization, TMDB API, Chrome DevTools.
Description: Build a movie discovery app using the free TMDB (The Movie Database) API and focus on optimizing its performance. Implement code splitting using React.lazy and Suspense to load components like movie lists and details only when needed, improving the app's initial load time. Use React.memo to prevent unnecessary re-renders of movie components. Cache expensive calculations, such as movie search results, with useMemo and useCallback to improve rendering efficiency. Use axios or fetch to make API calls to TMDB and display movie details dynamically. Analyze the performance of the app using Chrome DevTools and Lighthouse, and optimize the component structure for faster rendering.
Skills Covered:
Code splitting with React.lazy and Suspense
Performance optimization with React.memo, useMemo, and useCallback
Fetching data from TMDB API
Performance analysis using Chrome DevTools and Lighthouse
Optimizing rendering efficiency in React components
Topic Covered: Full-Stack React, React Router, Redux/Context API, API Integration, TailwindCSS, Performance Optimization, Deployment.
Description: Build a complete song streaming application similar to Spotify using React. Store all song files in the public folder and provide functionalities like playing songs, pausing, skipping, and displaying song information. Implement routing with React Router to navigate between pages like the home page, song details, and playlists. Use Redux or Context API to manage global state for things like the current song, playlist, and user preferences. Integrate a mock API to fetch song metadata, and use TailwindCSS for a responsive and modern user interface. Optimize the app’s performance for smooth playback and deploy it to a hosting platform like Netlify or Vercel.
Skills Covered:
Full-stack React development
React Router for navigation
State management with Redux or Context API
API integration for song metadata
Responsive design with TailwindCSS and media queries
Performance optimization for media handling
Deployment to platforms like Netlify or Vercel
Topic Covered: Running Node.js Script, CommonJS vs ES6 Modules.
Description: Create a basic Node.js script that displays "Namaste Duniya" in the terminal. Write the script using both CommonJS (require) and ES6 module (import) syntax to understand their differences.
Skills Covered:
Node.js fundamentals
Understanding CommonJS and ES6 module syntax
Running Node.js scripts in the terminal
Topic Covered: Core Modules (os, fs, path).
Description: Build a Node.js script that explores the file system. The script should read and display all files and subdirectories within a specified directory using fs and path modules. Include the ability to handle errors (e.g., if the directory doesn't exist).
Skills Covered:
File system operations using fs
Manipulating paths with path
Error handling in Node.js
Using core modules effectively
Topic Covered: Creating a Server with Node.js.
Description: Create a basic HTTP server using Node.js. The server should respond with "Hello, Browser!". Handle different routes and return appropriate status codes (e.g., 404 for unknown routes).
Skills Covered:
Building HTTP servers with Node.js
Serving plain text and HTML responses
Understanding and implementing HTTP status codes
Routing and basic request handling
Topic Covered: Routing and Status Codes.
Description: Build an HTTP server in Node.js that handles routes for /home, /about, and a fallback route /404. Serve appropriate HTML content for each route and ensure the use of proper HTTP status codes (e.g., 200 for successful routes and 404 for missing routes).
Skills Covered:
Implementing routing in HTTP servers
Handling HTTP status codes
Serving static HTML content
Error handling for undefined routes
Topic Covered: Express.js Basics
Description: Build a simple blog backend using Express.js. Implement CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) functionality with endpoints like /add-post, /view-post/:id, /update-post/:id, and /delete-post/:id. Use an in-memory array to store blog posts for simplicity.
Skills Covered:
Setting up an Express server
Creating and managing RESTful routes
Handling HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE)
Managing request parameters and body parsing
Topic Covered: Express.js Static Middleware.
Description: Use Express.js to serve a static folder containing assets like CSS, images, and JavaScript files. Create a basic homepage that uses these assets for styling and functionality. Ensure a proper folder structure for better organization.
Skills Covered:
Setting up and using express.static middleware
Serving static assets (CSS, images, JS files)
Organizing folder structures for web projects
Building a simple homepage to utilize static files
Topic Covered: Template Engine (EJS)
Description: Create a dynamic webpage using EJS to display a list of user profiles. Add functionality to accept new profiles through a form and dynamically render the updated list.
Skills Covered: EJS syntax, rendering dynamic data, working with forms.
Topic Covered: Middleware in Express.js
Description: Create an Express.js application that uses middleware to log request details (URL, HTTP method, and timestamp) for every request. Implement custom error-handling middleware to return a user-friendly message for invalid routes or errors.
Skills Covered:
Application-level middleware
Request logging and debugging
Error handling in Express.js.
Topic Covered: Handling Files with Multer.
Description: Create an Express.js backend that allows users to upload profile pictures. Use Multer for handling file uploads, validate file types (e.g., allow only images), and store them on the disk or in memory.
Skills Covered:
File upload handling with Multer.
Validating file types and sizes.
Using memory and disk storage options for uploads.
Topic Covered: MongoDB Basics.
Description: Set up a MongoDB database (locally or on a cloud service like MongoDB Atlas). Use Mongoose to define a schema for a “books” collection with fields such as title, author, and genre. Connect your Node.js application to the database and add functionality to insert and retrieve book data.
Skills Covered: Setting up MongoDB locally or on the cloud , Defining Mongoose schemas and models, Connecting Node.js to MongoDB.
Topic Covered: REST API Development.
Description: Build a REST API for a library system using Express.js and MongoDB. Implement endpoints to perform CRUD operations:
Add new books (POST /books).
View all books or a specific book (GET /books or GET /books/:id).
Update book details (PUT /books/:id).
Delete a book (DELETE /books/:id).
Test the API endpoints using Postman to ensure proper functionality.
Skills Covered: Designing and implementing RESTful APIs .
Topic Covered: MongoDB Indexing.
Description: Enhance your library management database by adding indexes to frequently queried fields like genre and author. Perform search operations using these indexed fields to demonstrate faster query results. Experiment with compound indexes (e.g., combining genre and author) and observe their impact on query performance.
Skills Covered:
Basics of indexing in MongoDB.
Creating single-field and compound indexes.
Optimizing and analyzing database queries.
Topic Covered: Authentication and Authorization.
Description: Build a user authentication system where users can register and log in. Securely hash passwords using bcrypt during registration, and validate credentials during login. On successful login, generate and return a JWT (JSON Web Token) to the user. Use the JWT for session management and secure protected routes.
Skills Covered:
Password hashing with bcrypt .
JWT creation and validation.
Securing user data and routes.
Authentication and authorization basics.
Topic Covered: WebSockets and Socket.io.
Description: Create a real-time chat application that allows users to join specific chat rooms and exchange messages with other participants. Implement features like user connection/disconnection notifications and chat room management.
Skills Covered:
WebSocket communication with Socket.io
Handling real-time events (e.g., message broadcasting, user activity)
Managing multiple chat rooms
Event-driven architecture in Node.js
Topic Covered: Redis Caching.
Description: Optimize your library management API by implementing Redis caching for frequently requested data, such as the book list. Ensure the cache is invalidated whenever the data is updated to maintain consistency.
Skills Covered:
Setting up and connecting to Redis.
Implementing caching mechanisms.
Improving API response time.
Cache invalidation strategies.
Topic Covered: Error Handling in Express.
Description: Create a utility class for handling and standardizing errors across your API. Implement custom error-handling middleware in Express and use next() to pass errors through the middleware chain.
Skills Covered:
Centralized error management.
Building custom error classes.
Express middleware for error handling.
Debugging and improving API reliability.
Topic Covered: Generative AI for Applications
Description: Create a web application where users upload their resumes, and AI provides feedback for improvement. Use OpenAI APIs (or Gemini tools) for generating suggestions.
Skills Covered: Working with AI APIs, file handling, NLP basics.
Topic Covered: Social Media Automation with Generative AI
Description: Build a tool that generates engaging captions for Instagram posts based on an input image or text.
Skills Covered: Integrating Generative AI, understanding image-to-text models.
Topic Covered: LangChain for Generative AI Applications
Description: Develop a chatbot for virtual interviews using LangChain. The bot should ask questions based on a job profile and provide feedback on answers.
Skills Covered: LangChain basics, conversational AI, integration with APIs.
Topic Covered: Service Workers and Manifest.json
Description: Convert a simple website into a PWA. Add a manifest file and implement a service worker for offline functionality.
Skills Covered: PWA fundamentals, service worker lifecycle, manifest setup.
Topic Covered: Performance Optimization in PWAs
Description: Create a PWA that lazy loads images and splits code into smaller chunks for faster load times.
Skills Covered: Lazy loading, code splitting, optimizing asset delivery.
Topic Covered: Caching Strategies in PWAs
Description: Build a news app that caches articles and serves them offline. Use strategies like Cache First and Network First.
Skills Covered: Advanced caching, offline functionality, debugging with DevTools.
Topic Covered: Docker Basics
Description: Write a Dockerfile to containerize a simple Node.js application. Build a Docker image from the Dockerfile and run the application inside a Docker container. Test the app’s functionality from within the container.
Skills Covered: Writing Dockerfiles, containerization, Docker CLI.
Topic Covered: Kubernetes Basics.
Description: Deploy a Node.js app with a MongoDB database using Kubernetes. Create YAML files for pods, services, and deployments. Use kubectl to manage the application, ensuring communication between the Node.js app and the database via a Kubernetes service.
Skills Covered:
Understanding Kubernetes architecture (Pods, Services, Deployments).
Writing YAML configuration for Kubernetes.
Managing resources using kubectl commands.
Service orchestration for multi-container apps.
Topic Covered: Automating Deployments.
Description: Build a CI/CD pipeline using GitHub Actions to automate the building and deployment of a Docker container. Use Terraform to define and provision infrastructure, such as servers or cloud services, required for deployment.
Skills Covered:
Setting up CI/CD pipelines with GitHub Actions
Writing Terraform scripts for infrastructure as code
Automating Docker container builds and deployments
Integrating infrastructure automation with deployment processes
Topic Covered: Microservice Architecture.
Description: Create a simple microservice using Node.js and Express. The microservice will handle a specific function, such as managing a “Product” entity, with endpoints for adding, retrieving, updating, and deleting products. Use MongoDB as the database.
Skills Covered:
Building microservices with Node.js and Express.
Designing RESTful APIs
CRUD operations with MongoDB
Modular application structure for microservices
Topic Covered: API Gateway for Microservices & Redis Pub/Sub.
Description: Create an API Gateway using Express.js to route requests to multiple microservices. Implement event-driven communication between these microservices using Redis Pub/Sub. For example, the API Gateway routes requests to an Order service, which then notifies a User service about a new order via Redis Pub/Sub. Add features like rate limiting and authentication at the API Gateway level for security.
Skills Covered:
API Gateway setup with Express.js.
Proxying requests and routing.
Redis Pub/Sub for inter-service communication.
Event-driven architecture.
Security features like authentication and rate limiting.
Topic Covered: Cloud Deployment.
Description: Launch an AWS EC2 instance and set up the necessary environment for deploying a Node.js application. Configure NGINX as a reverse proxy to handle incoming traffic and link a custom domain to your app for seamless access.
Skills Covered:
Setting up AWS EC2 instances.
Setting up AWS EC2 instances.
Installing and running a Node.js app on the cloud.
Configuring NGINX as a reverse proxy.
Domain masking and DNS setup for custom domains.
Topic Covered: Simplified Deployment.
Description: Deploy a multi-container application using DigitalOcean’s App Platform. Explore its simplicity by setting up services, and test scalability by configuring replicas for your app.
Skills Covered:
Deploying applications on DigitalOcean App Platform.
Managing multi-container setups.
Scaling applications by adding replicas.
Monitoring application performance.