Implement RustOS core kernel components based on design documents

[Copilot]

This PR implements the foundational components of RustOS, a hypervisor-native operating system written entirely in Rust, based on the comprehensive design documents in /docs.

🚀 Key Innovations Implemented

Revolutionary Capability Channels

Replaces traditional syscalls with typed, async capability channels:

// Instead of: fd = open("/path/to/file", O_RDWR)
// RustOS uses:
let file_request = CapabilityRequest::FileSystem(
    FileSystemRequest::Open {
        path: "/home/user/document.txt".to_string(),
        mode: OpenMode::ReadWrite,
    }
);
let response = channel.request(file_request).await?;

Hypervisor-First Architecture

• Abstract layer supporting KVM, Xen, HyperV, VMware, and QEMU
• Optimized for virtualized environments rather than bare metal
• Dynamic hypervisor detection and configuration

Async-First Design

• Built entirely around Rust's async/await ecosystem
• Non-blocking I/O operations throughout the kernel
• Cooperative scheduling and resource management

📁 Implementation Structure

src/
├── main.rs              # Kernel entry point and initialization
├── hypervisor.rs        # Hypervisor integration layer
├── memory.rs            # Rust-aware memory management
├── process.rs           # Modern process and thread management
├── capability.rs        # Capability-based security system
├── io.rs               # Async I/O and device management
└── examples.rs         # Capability system usage examples

✅ Phase 1 Components Complete

• Hypervisor Integration: Detection and abstraction for multiple hypervisor types
• Memory Management: Rust-aware allocation with zero-copy architecture
• Capability System: Type-safe, async capability channels with fine-grained permissions
• Process Management: Modern process model with async thread scheduling
• I/O Subsystem: Device management framework with async interfaces

🛠️ Build System

• Full no_std kernel compatible with hypervisor environments
• Nightly Rust with build-std support for custom targets
• Compiles to x86_64-unknown-none target
• Proper panic handling and linker configuration

Building

# Install nightly Rust with required components
rustup install nightly
rustup component add rust-src --toolchain nightly

# Build the kernel
cargo +nightly build -Z build-std=core,alloc

🔧 Technical Achievements

• Type Safety: Compile-time verification of system interactions
• Memory Safety: Leverages Rust's ownership system to eliminate entire classes of vulnerabilities
• Zero-Cost Abstractions: High-level interfaces with no runtime overhead
• Capability Security: Fine-grained, revocable permissions replace traditional access control
• Cloud-Native: Designed specifically for modern virtualized environments

📚 Documentation

• IMPLEMENTATION.md: Comprehensive implementation guide
• Updated README.md with build instructions and status
• Inline documentation for all major components
• Practical usage examples demonstrating capability advantages

This implementation provides a solid foundation for Phase 2 development, which will focus on system services (file system, network stack, display server), device drivers, and user space runtime environment.

Fixes #3.

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