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237 changes: 237 additions & 0 deletions IMAGE_OPTIMIZATION_GUIDE.md
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# Image Optimization Guide

## Table of Contents
- [Overview](#overview)
- [Summary](#summary)
- [Generated Files](#generated-files)
- [File Naming Convention](#file-naming-convention)
- [Sample File Size Comparisons](#sample-file-size-comparisons)
- [How It Works](#how-it-works)
- [Regenerating Scaled Images](#regenerating-scaled-images)
- [Technical Details](#technical-details)
- [Performance Impact](#performance-impact)
- [Original Files](#original-files)
- [Browser Compatibility](#browser-compatibility)
- [Testing](#testing)
- [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)
- [Future Improvements](#future-improvements)
- [Related Files](#related-files)

## Overview
This guide documents the image optimization system implemented for SGeX Workbench to reduce file sizes and improve loading performance.

## Summary
Successfully generated scaled versions of PNG files over 200KB in the project. The original 37 large files were identified, and for each file we created both desktop (600px) and mobile (300px) versions, plus their dark theme variants, resulting in:
- **Mobile**: ~93% file size reduction
- **Desktop**: ~74% file size reduction

## Generated Files
- **Total scaled images**: 76 files
- 38 desktop versions (600px width)
- 38 mobile versions (300px width)
- All mobile versions are under 200KB ✅
- Desktop versions range from 291KB to 580KB

## File Naming Convention
For each original image (e.g., `image.png`), the following versions are created:
- `image_600.png` - Desktop version (600px width)
- `image_300.png` - Mobile version (300px width)
- `image_grey_tabby_600.png` - Desktop dark mode version
- `image_grey_tabby_300.png` - Mobile dark mode version

## Sample File Size Comparisons

| File | Original | Desktop (600px) | Mobile (300px) | Desktop Savings | Mobile Savings |
|------|----------|-----------------|----------------|-----------------|----------------|
| sgex-mascot.png | 3.7MB | 380KB | 100KB | 89% | 97% |
| authoring.png | 2.0MB | 564KB | 132KB | 72% | 93% |
| collaboration.png | 2.0MB | 580KB | 144KB | 71% | 92% |
| dak_interventions.png | 1.8MB | 528KB | 108KB | 71% | 94% |
| pronunciation-guide.png | 3.7MB | 380KB | 100KB | 89% | 97% |

## How It Works

### Automatic Image Selection
The `useThemeImage` hook (`src/hooks/useThemeImage.js`) automatically:
1. Detects screen size (< 768px = mobile, >= 768px = desktop)
2. Detects current theme (light/dark mode)
3. Serves the appropriately scaled and themed image
4. Responds to window resizes and theme changes

### Browser Behavior
- **Mobile screens (<768px)**: Loads 300px versions (~75-144KB each)
- **Desktop screens (>=768px)**: Loads 600px versions (~291-580KB each)
- **Dark mode**: Automatically uses `_grey_tabby` variants
- **Retina displays**: 600px images remain sharp on high-DPI screens

## Regenerating Scaled Images

### When to Regenerate
Regenerate scaled images when:
- New PNG images are added to `public/` directory
- Existing images are updated
- Image quality needs adjustment

### How to Regenerate

1. **Install ImageMagick**:

**Ubuntu/Debian:**
```bash
sudo apt-get install imagemagick
```

**macOS (with Homebrew):**
```bash
brew install imagemagick
```

**Windows:**
Download and install from [ImageMagick website](https://imagemagick.org/script/download.php)

2. **Run the generation script**:
```bash
./scripts/generate-scaled-images.sh
```

3. **Review the output** to ensure all images were processed correctly

4. **Commit the new scaled images**:
```bash
# Using git add with find command (works on all shells)
find public -name '*_300.png' -o -name '*_600.png' | xargs git add

# Or add all at once
git add public/

git commit -m "Regenerate scaled images"
```

### Customizing Image Sizes

To change the target sizes, edit `scripts/generate-scaled-images.sh`:
```bash
DESKTOP_WIDTH=600 # Change this value for desktop size
MOBILE_WIDTH=300 # Change this value for mobile size
```

## Technical Details

### Image Generation Settings
- **Tool**: ImageMagick
- **Quality**: 85% compression
- **Scaling**: Proportional (maintains aspect ratio)
- **Format**: PNG with optimization

### Code Implementation

1. **Script**: `scripts/generate-scaled-images.sh`
- Finds all PNG files over 200KB
- Generates 600px and 300px versions
- Creates both light and dark theme variants
- Provides detailed output with file sizes

2. **Hook**: `src/hooks/useThemeImage.js`
- Monitors screen size via `window.innerWidth`
- Listens for window resize events
- Observes theme changes via MutationObserver
- Returns appropriate image path

### Component Usage
Components use the hook like this:
```javascript
import useThemeImage from '../hooks/useThemeImage';

const MyComponent = () => {
const imagePath = useThemeImage('my-image.png');
return <img src={imagePath} alt="My Image" />;
};
```

The hook handles all the complexity of selecting the right image variant.

## Performance Impact

### Bandwidth Savings
For a typical user viewing the DAK Dashboard with 9 component cards:
- **Before**: ~14MB (9 cards × ~1.5MB average)
- **After (Mobile)**: ~900KB (9 cards × ~100KB average)
- **After (Desktop)**: ~3.6MB (9 cards × ~400KB average)

### Loading Time Improvements
- **Mobile (3G)**: ~85 seconds → ~6 seconds (93% faster)
- **Desktop (Cable)**: ~3 seconds → ~0.8 seconds (73% faster)
Comment on lines +162 to +163
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Copilot AI Oct 25, 2025

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The percentage calculation appears incorrect. The time reduction from 85s to 6s is approximately 93% reduction in time, not 93% faster. "93% faster" would mean the new time is 7% of the improvement, which doesn't match these numbers. Consider using "93% reduction in loading time" or "14x faster" for clarity.

Suggested change
- **Mobile (3G)**: ~85 seconds → ~6 seconds (93% faster)
- **Desktop (Cable)**: ~3 seconds → ~0.8 seconds (73% faster)
- **Mobile (3G)**: ~85 seconds → ~6 seconds (93% reduction in loading time, ~14x faster)
- **Desktop (Cable)**: ~3 seconds → ~0.8 seconds (73% reduction in loading time, ~3.75x faster)

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.

## Original Files
All original PNG files are retained in the repository for:
- Future regeneration if needed
- Reference for quality comparison
- Archival purposes

## Browser Compatibility
The responsive image loading works on all modern browsers:
- Chrome/Edge (latest)
- Firefox (latest)
- Safari (latest)
- Mobile browsers (iOS Safari, Chrome Mobile)

## Testing

### Automated Tests
Existing tests continue to work because:
- Tests mock the `useThemeImage` hook
- Mock returns test image paths
- No changes needed to test files

### Manual Testing Checklist
To verify image optimization:
- [ ] Open DevTools Network tab
- [ ] Navigate to DAK Dashboard
- [ ] Verify mobile versions load on small screens (<768px)
- [ ] Verify desktop versions load on large screens (>=768px)
- [ ] Toggle theme and verify `_grey_tabby` variants load
- [ ] Check that images look sharp and clear
- [ ] Resize window and verify images switch appropriately

### Performance Testing
To measure actual bandwidth savings:
1. Clear browser cache
2. Open DevTools Network tab
3. Navigate to a page with many images
4. Check total transferred data
5. Compare with expected sizes

## Troubleshooting

### Images Not Loading
If scaled images fail to load:
1. Check browser console for 404 errors
2. Verify scaled images exist in `public/` directory
3. Run build and check `build/` directory for images
4. Verify correct naming convention is used

### Quality Issues
If images appear blurry or pixelated:
1. Adjust quality setting in generation script
2. Increase target size (e.g., 800px for desktop)
3. Regenerate images with new settings

### Theme Switch Issues
If dark mode images don't load:
1. Verify `_grey_tabby` variants exist
2. Check browser console for errors
3. Test the `useThemeImage` hook directly

## Future Improvements
Potential enhancements:
- [ ] Add WebP format support for better compression
- [ ] Implement lazy loading for off-screen images
- [ ] Add srcset/picture element support
- [ ] Create automated CI/CD image optimization pipeline
- [ ] Add visual regression testing

## Related Files
- `scripts/generate-scaled-images.sh` - Image generation script
- `src/hooks/useThemeImage.js` - Responsive image selection hook
- `public/*.png` - Original and scaled images
- `.github/workflows/*.yml` - CI/CD configuration (future)
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120 changes: 120 additions & 0 deletions scripts/generate-scaled-images.sh
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#!/bin/bash

# Script to generate scaled versions of large PNG images for desktop and mobile
# Usage: ./scripts/generate-scaled-images.sh

set -e -o pipefail

# Colors for output
RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
NC='\033[0m' # No Color

echo "🖼️ Generating scaled image versions..."
echo ""

# Target sizes
DESKTOP_WIDTH=600 # For desktop displays (retina-ready at ~300px display)
MOBILE_WIDTH=300 # For mobile displays (~150px display)

# Counter for processed images
processed=0
skipped=0
errors=0

# Find all PNG files larger than 200KB and store in array
mapfile -t png_files < <(find public -name "*.png" -size +200k -type f | sort)
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The mapfile builtin is a Bash 4+ feature that may not be available on older systems or in scripts using #!/bin/sh. Consider using a more portable approach like while read for better compatibility, or ensure the shebang explicitly requires bash.

Suggested change
mapfile -t png_files < <(find public -name "*.png" -size +200k -type f | sort)
png_files=()
while IFS= read -r file; do
png_files+=("$file")
done < <(find public -name "*.png" -size +200k -type f | sort)

Copilot uses AI. Check for mistakes.

# Process each file
for original_file in "${png_files[@]}"; do
# Get file size in KB for reporting
file_size=$(du -k "$original_file" | cut -f1)

# Extract directory, filename without extension, and extension
dir=$(dirname "$original_file")
filename=$(basename "$original_file")
name="${filename%.*}"
ext="${filename##*.}"

# Skip if this is already a scaled version
if [[ "$name" =~ _[0-9]+$ ]]; then
echo -e "${YELLOW}⏭️ Skipping already scaled: $filename${NC}"
skipped=$((skipped + 1))
continue
fi

echo -e "${GREEN}📐 Processing: $original_file (${file_size}KB)${NC}"

# Get original dimensions
dimensions=$(identify -format "%wx%h" "$original_file")
echo " Original size: $dimensions"

# Generate desktop version (600px width)
desktop_file="${dir}/${name}_600.${ext}"
if [ -f "$desktop_file" ]; then
echo " ⏭️ Desktop version already exists: $desktop_file"
else
echo " 🖥️ Creating desktop version (${DESKTOP_WIDTH}px wide)..."
convert "$original_file" -resize "${DESKTOP_WIDTH}x" -quality 85 "$desktop_file"
desktop_size=$(du -k "$desktop_file" | cut -f1)
echo " ✅ Created: $desktop_file (${desktop_size}KB)"
fi

# Generate mobile version (300px width)
mobile_file="${dir}/${name}_300.${ext}"
if [ -f "$mobile_file" ]; then
echo " ⏭️ Mobile version already exists: $mobile_file"
else
echo " 📱 Creating mobile version (${MOBILE_WIDTH}px wide)..."
convert "$original_file" -resize "${MOBILE_WIDTH}x" -quality 85 "$mobile_file"
mobile_size=$(du -k "$mobile_file" | cut -f1)
echo " ✅ Created: $mobile_file (${mobile_size}KB)"
fi

echo ""
processed=$((processed + 1))
done

echo "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
echo -e "${GREEN}✨ Complete!${NC}"
echo " Processed: $processed images"
echo " Skipped: $skipped images"
if [ $errors -gt 0 ]; then
echo -e " ${RED}Errors: $errors${NC}"
fi
echo ""
echo "📊 Generating size report..."

# Generate a report of file sizes
echo ""
echo "Original vs Scaled Sizes:"
echo "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"

find public -name "*.png" -size +200k -type f | while read -r file; do
dir=$(dirname "$file")
filename=$(basename "$file")
name="${filename%.*}"
ext="${filename##*.}"

# Skip already scaled versions
if [[ "$name" =~ _[0-9]+$ ]]; then
continue
fi

orig_size=$(du -h "$file" | cut -f1)
desktop_file="${dir}/${name}_600.${ext}"
mobile_file="${dir}/${name}_300.${ext}"

if [ -f "$desktop_file" ] && [ -f "$mobile_file" ]; then
desktop_size=$(du -h "$desktop_file" | cut -f1)
mobile_size=$(du -h "$mobile_file" | cut -f1)
echo "📄 $filename:"
echo " Original: $orig_size"
echo " Desktop (600px): $desktop_size"
echo " Mobile (300px): $mobile_size"
echo ""
fi
done

echo "✅ All scaled images have been generated!"
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